The atherosclerosis as the etiological basis of most cardiovascular diseases, is now recognized as the most common and socially significant pathology in the world. In addition to age, sex, diabetes, smoking, hypertension, the atherosclerosis nowadays is increasingly associated with lipid metabolism disorders such as dyslipidemia and hyperlipidemia. Among potential lipid-lowering drugs the traditional natural products have been rightfully occupying a special place. According to literature data, the use of natural preparations on the basis of garlic, vegetable oils (amaranth, flax and olive), and dietary fiber (pectin, alginate and chitosan) is relevant. In this study, the natural drugs used in rats with experimental hyperlipidemia, the results of use of garlic powder (300mg/kg) showed the most significant decrease of TG (-23.7%, -22.8%). The use of chitosan (300mg/kg) better lowered total choles-terol (-19,1%, 20, 8C%), amaranth oil (5ml/kg) significantly better lowered LDL (-14,3%, -15,0%) and increased HDL (+13,6%, +12,5%) at the significance level of p<0.05. The synergism is manifested when combined application of natural components and allows to enhancing the beneficial properties of each component, so the use of natural multicomponent complex on the basis of the most effective combinations of the studied objects is relevant. A comparative study of lipid-lowering properties of paired combinations of studied preparations on experimental hyperlipidemia models in rats allowed to revealing best lipid-lowering effect in combinations of garlic powder / amaranth oil (300mg/5ml) (KA = 0,98 ± 0,02, 1,11 ± 0,01); and chitosan / amaranth oil (300mg/5ml) (KA=1,01±0,03, 1,19±0,02) at p<0.05. Further study of lipid-lowering properties of complex garlic powder/ amaranth oil/ chitosan (300 mg/5ml/300mg) in experimental models hyperlipidemia rats was revealed significantly better lipid-lowering effect. The complex was significantly reduced levels of total cholesterol (-21,7%, -23,0%), TG (-20%, -20,9%), LDL (-16,5%, -16,0%) and increased levels of HDL (+12,3%, +12,6%) at the significance level of p<0.05.
atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, dyslipidemia, polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3, dietary fiber, treatment, prevention, prophylaxis, coronary heart disease, poor diet, cholesterol, garlic, amaranth oil, chitosan, squalene, alginates, pectin, olive oil, flax oil
Являясь этиологической основой большинства сердечно-сосудистые заболевания (ССЗ), атеросклероз (АС) признан «неинфекционной пандемией XXI века» [24]. В настоящее время АС – наиболее распространённое и социально значимое заболевание в мире, а его клинические проявления, ведущее место среди которых занимают ишемическая болезнь сердца (ИБС) и острый инфаркт миокарда (ОИМ), в течение последних десятилетий прочно занимают первое место в структуре заболеваемости и смертности в экономически развитых странах [30].
АС – это традиционно известное последствие нарушений липидного обмена (дислипидемии, гиперлипидемии, гипертриглицеридемии) и снижения эластичности сосудов различного калибра [14]. Статины, ингибиторы 3-гидрокси-3-метилглутарил коэнзим А редуктазы (ГМГ-КоА-редуктазы), являются неотъем-лемым компонентом стратегии сердечно-сосудистой профилактики. Ввиду широкого применения статинов [28], всё чаще обсуждаемых в литературе вызванных ими и другими химическими гиполипидемическими средствами побочных явлений [19], актуальным представляется вопрос поиска их альтернативы или заме-ны.
Среди потенциальных антиатеросклеротических лекарственных средств особое место по праву зани-мают традиционные натуральные продукты. Комплексные растительные препараты имеют ряд преиму-ществ перед монопрепаратами. В частности, благодаря сложному и сбалансированному химическому составу, рациональному сочетанию биологически активных веществ, они оказывают многостороннее действие на организм: воздействуют, с одной стороны, непосредственно на очаг поражения, с другой стороны, обеспечивают фармакологическую коррекцию различных функциональных систем. Кроме того, синергизм, проявляющийся при сочетанном применении природных компонентов в сборах позволяет усилить полезные свойства каждого из составляющих [1, 50-54].
1. Aseeva T.A., Blinova K.F., Yakovlev R.P. Lekarstvennye rasteniya tibetskoy meditsiny. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 1989.
2. Banzaraksheev V.G. Farmakoterapevticheskaya effektivnost´ kompleksnogo rastitel´nogo sredstva pri eksperimental´nykh dislipoproteidemiyakh: dis. na soisk. uch. ctepeni kan. med. nauk. Ulan-Ude, 2004. 153 s.
3. Belay I.M., Ostapenko A.A. i dr. Vliyanie 7-(2-gidroksi-3-izopropoksi-propil)-3-metil-8-(4-metilpiperidin-1-il) - ksantinana pokazateli lipidnogo obmena . Zaporozh. med. zhurn : nauch.-prakt. zhurn. 2011. T.13. №3. S. 120-123.
4. Vertkin A.L., Prokhorovich E.A. Eykonol dlya profilaktiki i lecheniya ateroskleroza. Vrach. 1991. №9. S. 47-49.
5. Evropeyskaya Konventsiya o zashchite pozvonochnykh zhivotnykh, ispol´zuemykh dlya eksperimentov ili v inykh nauchnykh tselyakh (ETS N 123). Strasburg, 1986.
6. Zhitnikova L.M. «Novye» statiny - novye vozmozhnosti dlya vracha i patsienta. Rossiyskiy meditsinskiy zhurnal. 2011. №29. C. 1832-1835.
7. Isaev V.A. Vliyanie nepredel´nykh zhirnykh kislot w-3 klassa na gemostaz serdechno-sosudistoy sistemy. Avtoreferat doktorskoy dissertatsii, 1997. 306 s.
8. Isaev V.A., Lyutova L.V., Karabasova M.A., Panchenko V.M., Andreenko G.V., Ershov A.A. i dr. Eykonol v korrektsii gemostaza i fibrinoliza pri IBS. Vrach. 1996. №9. C. 24-25.
9. Klimov A.N., Ryzhenkov V.E. Metodicheskie rekomendatsii po eksperimental´nomu izucheniyu gipolipidemicheskikh i antiateroskleroticheskikh sredstv. M.: MZ SSSR, 1988.
10. Kolb V.G., Kamyshnikov V.S. Spravochnik po klinicheskoy khimii. (2-e izd., pererab. i dop.). Minsk: Belarus´, 1982. 366 s.
11. Martynov A.I., Chel´tsov V.V. Omega-3 polinenasyshchennye zhirnye kisloty v kardiologicheskoy praktike: Metod. rekomendatsii. M., 2007. №2, 4. 16 s.
12. Meltonyan V.V., Issledovaniya po razrabotke novogo grudnogo sbora i izucheniyu ego farmakologicheskoy aktivnosti: dis. na soisk. uch. ctepeni kan. biol. nauk. Staraya Kupavna, 2013. 123 c.
13. Moiseev S.V. Kvay: nuzhen li chesnok pri ateroskleroze?. Klinich. farmakologiya i terapiya. 1997. №6(4). S.61-62.
14. Nedogoda S.V., Morozova T.E. Vozmozhnosti korrektsii narusheniy lipidnogo obmena ingibitorami angiotenzinprevrashchayushchego fermenta v usloviyakh real´noy klinicheskoy praktiki. Arterial´naya gipertenziya. 2012. N 1. S. 5-10.
15. Panchenko V.M., Ershov A.A., Isaev V.A., Polinenasyshchennye zhirnye kisloty omega-3 klassa (tykveynol) v lechenii bol´nykh IBS s giperlipidemiey //Farmateka. 2002. №2-3. S.78-79.
16. Panchenko V.M., Lyutova L.V., Karabasova M.A., Ershov A.A. i soavt. Vliyanie tykveynola na lipid-transportnuyu sistemu i sistemy gemostaza, fibrinoliz bol´nykh ishemicheskoy bolezn´yu serdtsa. Klinicheskaya meditsina. 2002. №9. C. 54-56.
17. Panchenko V.M., Nazlukhanyan S.O., Ershov A.A. i soavt. Vliyanie dokanola i eykonola na aterogennuyu dislipidemiyu bol´nykh IBS. Tezisy doklada na mezhd. kongresse «Chelovek i lekarstvo». M., 1995.
18. Panchenko V.M., Nazlukhanyan S.O., Isaev V.A., Ershov A.A. Eyfitol i lipidnyy obmen pri razlichnykh klinicheskikh formakh IBS. Vrach. 1997. №8. C. 18-19.
19. Petrov V.I., Smuseva O.N., Solovkina Yu.V. Bezopasnost´ statinov. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo meditsinskogo universiteta. 2012. N 4. S. 9-14.
20. Razykova G.V. Farmakologicheskoe izuchenie gipolipidemicheskikh svoystv geranoretinola, lavrovogo i limonnogo efirnykh masel: dis. na soisk. kand. step. med. nauk. Dushanbe, 2012. 136 s.
21. Rekomendatsii evropeyskogo obshchestva kardiologov (ESC)/ evropeyskogo obshchestva ateroskleroza (EAS) po vedeniyu patsientov s dislipidemiyami, 2011.
22. Ryzhenkov V.E., Makarov V.G. Biologicheski aktivnye veshchestva chesnoka (allium Sativum L.) i ikh ispol´zovanie v pitanii cheloveka. Vopr. pitaniya. 2003. T.72. №4. S. 42-46.
23. Sergienko V.I., Bondareva I.B., Matematicheskaya statistika v klinicheskikh issledovaniyakh. Mosk-va: izd-vo Geotar-Media, 2006.
24. Susekov A.V., Zubareva M.Yu., Kukharchuk V.V. Heart Protection Study-issledovanie zashchity serdtsa (po materialam simpoziuma). Klinich. farmakologiya i terapiya. 2002. №1. S. 71-74.
25. Titov V.N. Ateroskleroz - patologiya polienovykh zhirnykh kislot// Klinich. laborator. diagnostika. 2001. № 1. S.3-8.
26. Titov V.N. Fiziologicheskie osnovy transporta v krovi zhirnykh kislot . Kardiologiya. 1998. T.38. №1. S. 143-149.
27. Khotimchenko M.Yu. Gipolipidemicheskaya aktivnost´ nizkoeterifitsirovannykh pektinov pri etanolovom porazhenii pecheni v eksperimente. Biologiya morya. 2009. T. 35. №4. S. 302-305.
28. Aitken M. (for IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics). //The Global Use of Medicines: Outlook Through 2015-2011, 26.
29. Andrianova I.V., Orekhov A.N. Effects of garlic on development of experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. In: 66th Congress of the European Atherosclerosis Society. Florence, Italy, 1996. 101 p.
30. Assmann G., Cullen P., Schulte H. Simple scoring scheme for calculating the risk of acute coronary events based on the 10-year follow-up of the prospective cardiovascular Muenster (PROCAM) study. Circulation. 2002. Vol. 105(3). R. 310-315.
31. Connor W.E. Importance of n-fatly acids m health and disease. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2000. 7. P. 171-175.
32. Gerhardt R. Multiple inhibitory effects of garlic extract on cholesterol biosynthesis in hepatocytes. lipids. 1993. Vol. 28. P. 613-619.
33. Hassan H.A. Effect of garlic (Allium sativum) extract on lipid profile in Rats. D.J.P.S. 2012. 8(2). P 83-88.
34. Isensee H., Rietz B., Jacob R. Cardio-protective actions of garlic. Drug. Res. 1993. Vol. 43. P. 94-98.
35. Ismail M.F., Gad M.Z., Hamdy M.A. Study of the hypolipidemic properties of pectin, garlic and ginseng in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Pharmacol. Res. 1999. 39(2). P. 157-166.
36. Jimenez-Escrig A., Sanchez-Muniz F.J. Dietary fiber from edible seaweeds: Chemical structure, physico-chemical properties, and effects on cholesterol metabolism. Nutr. Res. 2000. Vol. 20. P. 585.
37. Jing S., Yamaguchi T. Removal of phosphate from dilute phosphate solution by an iron chitosan complex to be used as an oral sorbent. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1992. Vol. 65. P. 1866-1870.
38. Lau Benjamin H.S. Suppression of LDL oxidation by garlic //J. Nutr. 2001. Vol. 131(3S). P. 958-988.
39. Lawson L.D. Bioactive Organosulfur Compounds of Garlic and Garlic Products. ACS Series Human Medical Agents from Plants. 1993. Vol. 21. P. 306-325.
40. Lawson L.D., Ransom D.K., Hughes B.G. Inhibition of whole blood platelet aggregation by compounds in garlic clove extracts and commercial garlic products. Thromb Res. 1992. Vol. 65(2). P. 141-156.
41. Marounek M., Volek Z., Synytsya A., Copikovae J. Effect of pectin and amidated pectin on cholesterol homeostasis and cecal metabolism in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Physiol. Res. 2007. Vol. 56. P. 433-442.
42. Matheson H.B., Story J.A. Dietary psyllium hydrocolloid and pectin increase bile-acid pool size and change bile-acid composition in rats. J. Nutr. 1994. Vol. 124(8). P. 1161-1165.
43. Mohamed M.S., Abdel-Kader M.M., Kassem S.S. Effect of dietary garlic and onion on liver and tibial mineral concentrations in omega-3 fatty acids rich oil fed rats. Agriculture & Biology Journal of North America. 2011. Vol. 2. Issue.5. P.745.
44. Morcos N.C. Modulation of lipid profile by fish oil and garlic combination. J. Natl. Med. Assoc. 1997. 89(10). P. 673-678.
45. Nishide E., Anzai, H., and Uchida, N. Effects of alginates on the ingestion and excretion of cholesterol in the rat. J. Appl. Phycol. 1993. Vol. 5. P. 207.
46. Qujeq D., Ataei G., Effects of dietary chitosan on serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in rats. Iranian Biomedical Journal. 2000. Vol. 4(2/3). P. 69-73.
47. Razdan A., Pettersson D. Hypolipidaemic, gastrointestinal and related responses of broiler chickens to chitosans of different viscosity. British Journal of Nutrition. 1996. Vol. 76. P. 387-397.
48. Sainani O.S., Desai D.B., Natu M.N. et al. Onion, garlic, and experimental atherosclerosis. Jpn. Heart. J. 1979. Vol. 20. P. 351-357.
49. Ylitalo R., Lehtinen S., Wuolijoki E. et al. Cholesterol-lowering properties and safety of chitosan. Drug Res. 2002. Vol. 52. P. 1-7.
50. Naumova E.M., Oleynikova M.M., Khadartsev A.A., Valentinov B.G., Kartashova N.M. Klinicheskie i gemodinamicheskie effekty «Bolyusov Khuato» pri ishemicheskoy bolezni serdtsa. Sovremennye naukoemkie tekhnologii: tez. dokl. kongressa «Vysokie tekhnologii» (Parizh, 5-8 noyabrya 2004). M., 2004. № 4. S. 50.
51. Borisova O.N., Valentinov B.G., Demushkina I.G., Kartashova N.M., Naumova E.M., Oleynikova M.M., Khadartsev A.A. Fitopreparat «Bolyusy Khuato» v lechenii arterial´noy gipertenzii. Vestnik novykh meditsinskikh tekhnologiy. 2004. № 4. S. 98-100.
52. Valentinov B.G., Naumova E.M., Oleynikova M.M., Khadartsev A.A. Vliyanie «Koronatery» na psikhofizicheskuyu adaptatsiyu bol´nykh ishemicheskoy bolezn´yu serdtsa. Vestnik novykh meditsinskikh tekhnologiy. 2004. № 4. S. 62-64.
53. Khadartsev A.A., Kupeev V.G., Oleynikova M.M., Borisova O.N., Naumova E.M. Koronatera v sochetanii s lazeroforezom fitomelanina pri stenokardii napryazheniya. Vestnik novykh meditsinskikh tekhnologiy. 2012. № 1. S. 92-95.
54. Borisova O.N., Zhivoglyad R.N., Khadartseva K.A., Yurgel´ E.N., Khadartsev A.A., Naumova E.M. Sochetannoe primenenie koronatery i girudoterapii pri reflektornoy stenokardii v pozhilom vozraste. Vestnik novykh meditsinskikh tekhnologiy. 2012. № 1. S. 95-98.
55. Pan´shina M.V., Silaeva E.B., Ranneva L.K. Vozmozhnosti diagnostiki i sovmestnogo primeneniya nemedikamentoznykh sposobov profilaktiki i reabilitatsii preeklampsii (nauchnyy obzor literatury). Vestnik novykh meditsinskikh tekhnologiy (elektronnyy zhurnal). 2013. №1. URL: http://www.medtsu.tula.ru/ VNMT/Bulletin/E2013-1/4557.pdf
56. Pan´shina M.V. Tekhnologiya nemedikamentoznoy profilaktiki preeklampsii. Vestnik novykh meditsinskikh tekhnologiy (elektronnyy zhurnal). 2013. №1. URL:http://www.medtsu.tula.ru/VNMT/Bulletin/ E2013-1/4320.pdf
57. Pan´shina M.V., Volkov V.G., Khadartseva K.A. Opyt profilaktiki gestoza. Vestnik novykh meditsinskikh tekhnologiy. 2010. №4. S. 141-142.
