This paper is devoted to investigation related to role of conflict of interest (i.e. when the same person has a secondary interest together with a main responsibility or first interest) in innovation process, i.e. in the «knowledge into money transformation»process. Secondary interest in this context is not only money and corruption interest, but also ambition for self-realization in different manifestations and forms as well as any other preferences not arising out of decision maker’s primary responsibilities. Some actual situations of conflict of interest including these one’s when budget funds are moving from a customer to an executor of a state order and when information on obtained results is moving from the contractor to the customer have been analyzed. Recommendations for minimizing of conflicts of interest’s negative consequences, and opportunistic behavior generated by these conflicts have been formulated.
conflict of interest, innovation activity, intangible assets, opportunistic behavior, patents, pecking order, winwin principle
Конфликт интересов и просто конфликт в инновационной деятельности
Ситуации конфликта интересов — наличия вторичного интереса наряду с основной обязанностью или первичным интересом у того же лица — неотъемлемая часть инновационного процесса или, как теперь модно говорить, «превращения знаний в деньги». Вторичный интерес в данном контексте — не только денежный и не только коррупционный интерес, но и стремление к самореализации в разных проявлениях и формах, а также любые предпочтения, не вытекающие из первичной обязанности или первичного интереса лица, принимающего решения. Столь широкая трактовка понятий «вторичный интерес» и «конфликт интересов» — один из частных результатов исследования, проводившегося под руководством автора настоящей работы в 2005–2007 гг., частично опубликованных в работе [43]. Она удобна именно для исследовательских целей без претензий на место в нормативных правовых документах по целому ряду причин. Самая очевидная из них — краткость определения ситуации конфликта интересов как наличия вторичного интереса наряду с первичной обязанностью или первичным интересом у того же лица (без уточнения функций лица и характера его вторичных интересов). Отсутствие оговорок о том, что речь идет о должностном лице, исполняющем государственные функции, и о вторичном интересе, потенциально способном препятствовать должному исполнению этих функций, существенно расширяет сферу применения понятия «конфликт интересов», что можно рассматривать и как достоинство, и как недостаток в зависимости от контекста. Однако дело не только в этом.
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