Russian Federation
In this paper is considered a procedure for improving the efficiency of engineers’ geometric and graphic training in construction University through a system problem-based teaching, promoting the development of students’ creative constructive, analytical and spatial abilities. Two contradictions have been revealed: 1) the level of learners’ productive abilities in the area of geometric and graphic education does not meet requirements for modern development of construction industry; 2) an effective procedure for the continuous problem-based teaching on the foundation of generalized constructive and analytical techniques for junior students’ activities in the area of architecture and construction has not been sufficiently revealed. To resolve these contradictions have been realized selection and classification of professionally-oriented design tasks on reconstruction parameters’ optimizing for junior students. The following types of teaching tasks on optimization for space-planning decisions and improvement of geometric objects’ aesthetic indicators based on technical specifications: 1) increase of building’s total structural volume and area; 2) increase the storage capacity or throughput capability; 3) restoration of some lost building elements; 4) change the front end; 5) architectural re-planning in respect of interchangeability and inter-consistency of structures and their elements. It has been founded that to shift a focus from educational activity to the teaching one the algorithm for the design objectives’ solution should be based on: 1) analytic-synthetic activity through the recursive formula: analysis — synthesis — analysis; 2) student involvement in the creation of optimal algorithms for modeling. Eventually has been formulated an essence of the concept “inter- integration constructive and analytical task», in which the student’s educational activity on development of architectural solutions aimed not only at optimization of reconstruction parameters, but also at optimization of the algorithm for formation and transformation of geometric information models by means of computer technologies, with a focus on understanding of actions’ types and methods. In accordance with modern construction’s specificity, teaching objective and problem situations’ types has been clarified the structure of the educational system, complemented by problematic and inter-integration unit based on information and geometrical modeling and including four levels of tasks: 1) algorithmic and reproductive; 2) part-search; 3) problem; 4) problematic and inter-integration. The fourth level supposes the optimization of the reconstruction parameters on the basis of building’s unified geometrical information model by means of information technologies. The each level’s tasks content has been revealed, and corresponding examples have been presented.
geometry, graphics, constructive tasks, problem-based learning, creativity, graphic information technology.
Введение. Известно, что на всех этапах жизненного цикла здания или сооружения (проект — строительство — эксплуатация) специалистами комплексно решаются следующие типы проектно-конструкторских задач: 1) строительство новых объектов; 2) реконструкция существующих.
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