Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation
Biologicheskie effekty ioniziruyuschego izlucheniya v malyh dozah i s nizkoy moschnost'yu dozy vsegda vyzyvali bol'shoy interes. V nastoyaschee vremya Mezhdunarodnaya komissiya po radiologicheskoy zaschite (MKRZ) predlagaet ekstrapolirovat' rezul'taty epidemiologicheskih issledovaniy po ocenke vliyaniya bol'shih doz i vysokih moschnostey doz izlucheniy na malye dozy i nizkie moschnosti dozy, aktual'nye dlya sovremennoy sistemy radiologicheskoy zaschity, primenyaya, tak nazyvaemyy, koefficient effektivnosti dozy i moschnosti dozy (DDREF). V stat'e predstavlena diskussiya po etoy probleme, organizovannaya ekspertami MKRZ i Yaponii. Predstavleno istoricheskoe razvitie koncepta DDREF v svete sovremennyh nauchnyh dannyh ob effektah doz i moschnostey doz oblucheniya. Obobscheny vyvody, k kotorym otnositel'no DDREF v poslednee vremya prishli razlichnye mezhdunarodnye organizacii (naprimer, Komissiya po biologicheskim effektam ioniziruyuschih izlucheniy, MKRZ, Komissiya po radiacionnoy zaschite Germanii, Nauchnyy komitet po deystviyu atomnoy radiacii Organizacii Ob'edinennyh Naciy i Vsemirnaya organizaciya zdravoohraneniya). Predstavleny rezul'taty nauchno-issledovatel'skih rabot, napravlennyh na poluchenie novyh znaniy ob effektah oblucheniya v malyh dozah i s nizkoy moschnost'yu dozy na molekulyarnom, kletochnom urovnyah i na urovne organizma zhivotnyh i cheloveka. Obsuzhdeny plany na buduschee, napravlennye na uluchshenie i optimizaciyu koncepta DDREF, primenyaemogo v celyah radiologicheskoy zaschity.
radiacionnyy risk, lineynaya besporogovaya model', koefficient effektivnosti dozy i moschnosti dozy, MKRZ
Октябрь 2012 г. формально считается датой, когда в Международной комиссии по радиологической защите (МКРЗ) началось обсуждение вопроса пересмотра научной базы для оценок рисков эффектов, возникающих вследствие воздействия ионизирующих излучений в малых дозах и с низкой мощностью дозы. В результате, в апреле 2013 г. была сформирована Проблемная группа 91, перед которой была поставлена исследовательская задача сделать вывод о радиационных рисках, возникающих вследствие облучения в малых дозах и с низкой мощностью дозы, для использования этих оценок в целях радиологической защиты. Номинальные коэффициенты риска с учетом их вреда являются основой для разработки принципов радиологической защиты (МКРЗ 2007).
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