Medical Radiology and radiation safety Medical Radiology and radiation safety Медицинская радиология и радиационная безопасность 1024-6177 2618-9615 16808 10.12737/article_5927fc2939abe0.63201589 Дискуссия Discussion Дискуссия Dose and Dose-rate Effects of Ionizing Radiation: a Discussion in the Light of Radiological Protection Эффекты дозы и мощности дозы ионизирующего излучения – дискуссия с позиции радиологической защиты Рюм В. Ryum V. Волощак Г. Voloschak G. Шор Р. Shor R. Азизова Т. В. Azizova T. V.

кандидат медицинских наук;

candidate of medical sciences;

 Гроше Б. Groshe B. Нива О. Niva O. Акиба С. Akiba S. Оно Т. Ono T. Сузуки К. Suzuki K. Ивасаки Т. Ivasaki T. Бан Н. Ban N. Кай М. Kay M. Клемент К. Klement K. Буффлер С. Buffler S. Тома Х. Toma H. Южно-Уральский институт биофизики ФМБА России Озерск Россия Southern Urals Biophysics Institute Ozyorsk Russian Federation 62 3 52 77 https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/article/16808/view

Биологические эффекты ионизирующего излучения в малых дозах и с низкой мощностью дозы всегда вызывали большой интерес. В настоящее время Международная комиссия по радиологической защите (МКРЗ) предлагает экстраполировать результаты эпидемиологических исследований по оценке влияния больших доз и высоких мощностей доз излучений на малые дозы и низкие мощности дозы, актуальные для современной системы радиологической защиты, применяя, так называемый, коэффициент эффективности дозы и мощности дозы (DDREF). В статье представлена дискуссия по этой проблеме, организованная экспертами МКРЗ и Японии. Представлено историческое развитие концепта DDREF в свете современных научных данных об эффектах доз и мощностей доз облучения. Обобщены выводы, к которым относительно DDREF в последнее время пришли различные международные организации (например, Комиссия по биологическим эффектам ионизирующих излучений, МКРЗ, Комиссия по радиационной защите Германии, Научный комитет по действию атомной радиации Организации Объединенных Наций и Всемирная организация здравоохранения). Представлены результаты научно-исследовательских работ, направленных на получение новых знаний об эффектах облучения в малых дозах и с низкой мощностью дозы на молекулярном, клеточном уровнях и на уровне организма животных и человека. Обсуждены планы на будущее, направленные на улучшение и оптимизацию концепта DDREF, применяемого в целях радиологической защиты.

Биологические эффекты ионизирующего излучения в малых дозах и с низкой мощностью дозы всегда вызывали большой интерес. В настоящее время Международная комиссия по радиологической защите (МКРЗ) предлагает экстраполировать результаты эпидемиологических исследований по оценке влияния больших доз и высоких мощностей доз излучений на малые дозы и низкие мощности дозы, актуальные для современной системы радиологической защиты, применяя, так называемый, коэффициент эффективности дозы и мощности дозы (DDREF). В статье представлена дискуссия по этой проблеме, организованная экспертами МКРЗ и Японии. Представлено историческое развитие концепта DDREF в свете современных научных данных об эффектах доз и мощностей доз облучения. Обобщены выводы, к которым относительно DDREF в последнее время пришли различные международные организации (например, Комиссия по биологическим эффектам ионизирующих излучений, МКРЗ, Комиссия по радиационной защите Германии, Научный комитет по действию атомной радиации Организации Объединенных Наций и Всемирная организация здравоохранения). Представлены результаты научно-исследовательских работ, направленных на получение новых знаний об эффектах облучения в малых дозах и с низкой мощностью дозы на молекулярном, клеточном уровнях и на уровне организма животных и человека. Обсуждены планы на будущее, направленные на улучшение и оптимизацию концепта DDREF, применяемого в целях радиологической защиты.

 радиационный риск линейная беспороговая модель коэффициент эффективности дозы и мощности дозы МКРЗ

Октябрь 2012 г. формально считается датой, когда в Международной комиссии по радиологической защите (МКРЗ) началось обсуждение вопроса пересмотра научной базы для оценок рисков эффектов, возникающих вследствие воздействия ионизирующих излучений в малых дозах и с низкой мощностью дозы. В результате, в апреле 2013 г. была сформирована Проблемная группа 91, перед которой была поставлена исследовательская задача сделать вывод о радиационных рисках, возникающих вследствие облучения в малых дозах и с низкой мощностью дозы, для использования этих оценок в целях радиологической защиты. Номинальные коэффициенты риска с учетом их вреда являются основой для разработки принципов радиологической защиты (МКРЗ 2007).

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