сотрудник
Екатеринбург, Свердловская область, Россия
сотрудник
Екатеринбург, Свердловская область, Россия
УДК 630 Лесное хозяйство. Лесоводство
Необходимость создания недорогого бумагоподобного материала на основе минеральных волокон обусловлена защитой теплоизоляции трубопроводов. Использованные материалы: минеральные волокна ‒ асбест сорта М-4-20; связующее ‒ винил- и винилиден-хлоридные латексы ВХВД-65, ДВХБ-70; коагулянт ‒ сульфат алюминия. Применяемый метод: изготовление в листоотливном аппарате «TAPPI» образцов асбестового картона из волокнистой композиции , мас. ч.: 100 асбестовое волокно; 5‒60 латекс; 3‒10 коагулянт. Для каждого состава волокнистой композиции отливали 10 образцов для испытания. Свойства материала характеризуют физико-механические показатели: разрывная длина (L, м); сопротивление раздиранию (Е, мН) и продавливанию (Ро, кПа); впитываемость при одностороннем смачивании (G, г/м2) и капиллярная (B, мм); степень проклейки (С, с/мм). Результаты: прочность отливок зависит от природы, содержания связующего и коагулянта: для латексов ДВХБ-70/ ВХВД-65 ‒ Lmax = (504–662)/(384–417) с уровнем значимости α = 0,05 в композиции, мас.ч.: 5‒20 латекс; 3–6 коагулянт; Lmin = 206/(132‒168) с α = 0,05 в композиции, мас.ч.: 25‒60 латекс; 7–10 коагулянт; Ро(max) = (14–15)/20 кПа с α = 0,05 при содержании 10/(10–20) мас.ч. латекса. Образцы с ВХВД-65 гидрофильные: Gmax / Bmax = (2–3)/(4–5) с α = 0,05. При увеличении содержания ДВХБ-70 значения G уменьшаются с 1–3 до нуля с α = 0,05; B ≈ 0 при любом содержании ДВХБ-70. Результаты означают: в теории ‒ физико-механические свойства асбестового картона определяются пленкообразующими свойствами связующих ‒ синтетических латексов; на практике ‒ определены составы волокнистых суспензий для получения защитного материала с высокими потребительскими свойствами. Заключение: ключевым преимуществом для читателей является практическое подтверждение возможности создания новых композиционных материалов с ингредиентами различной природы ‒ минеральной и органической. Нерешенным остается ассортимент латексов с другими мономерами, пригодными для получения асбестового картона.
латекс, асбестовый картон, разрывная длина, сопротивление раздиранию, сопротивление продавливанию, впитываемость при одностороннем смачивании и капиллярная, степень проклейки
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