Guide for Authors

Authors should indicate that their paper is published for the first time (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis or as an electronic preprint), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the research has been carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other languages, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright holder. If elements of the manuscript have been previously published in another article, the authors should refer to earlier work and indicate the difference between the new work and the previous one. Verbatim copying of own works and their paraphrasing are unacceptable, they can be used only as a basis for new conclusions. The Journal's policy does not exclude consideration of an article not accepted for publication by another journal.

Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the concept, design, implementation or interpretation of the claimed study. The author must ensure that names of all co-authors are placed on the list of co-authors, and that all co-authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript and also agreed to publish it.

After a paper has been accepted for publication, the author concludes an agreement with the Publishing House. The author should provide necessary data, print the agreement, sign it, and send it to the Publishing House.

Authors must identify who provided financial support for the research and/or preparation of the article.

All monuscripts in the Journal are published without paying royalties. The publication is free of charge.

You can submit your manuscript via the portal Naukaru.ru. Register on the website Naukaru.ru and fill your personal profile. In Comments box, please suggest full names of three potential referees for your paper, indicating their e-mail addresses and affiliations. Please ensure the potential referees are not from the same institution as any of the manuscript's authors. Note that the editor retains the sole right to decide whether or not the suggested reviewers are used. Also write your full name and a corresponding author's e-mail address.

Manuscript Preparation Guidelines

Before you send your article to the Journal for review, we strongly recommend you to carry out a final check of your submission using the Submission checklist below, at the bottom of this guideline.

The volume of the article is recommended to be within the range of 15–50 thousand characters (including gaps). The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the word processor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the subsection “Electronic format requirements” below). Note that source files of Figures, Tables and text graphics will be required whether or not you embed your Figures in the text. To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the 'spell-check' and 'grammar-check' functions of your word processor.

Manuscript should include the following items:

1. Title
2. Authors’ names
3. Authors’ affiliations
4. Abstract
5. Key words
6. Full article text
7. References
8. Figure captions

Requirements for individual elements of the article:

1. The title should be descriptive and informative. Abbreviations and symbols are allowed only for general use, understandable to a general reader, they are used in exceptional cases and necessarily decoded in the abstract.

2. Authors’ full names. Please clearly indicate the given name(s) and family name(s) of each author and check that all names are accurately spelled.

3. Authors’ affiliations with brief postal addresses (city, region/state, country) of each affiliation, and, if available, the e-mail address of each author. Indicate all affiliations and addresses immediately after the author's name. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that the e-mail address of the corresponding author is given and that contact details are kept up to date.

4. Abstract should be concise and factual, within 100–250 words. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, its principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. References should therefore be avoided.

5. Key words (5–7 words or collocations) are placed immediately after the abstract. Please avoid general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. Keywords are used for indexing purposes.

6. The text of the article is typed in Microsoft Word or other word processor and is saved in the native format of the word processor in use. You may divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1, 1.2, etc. (abstract, introduction, and conclusion are not numbered). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing - do not just refer to 'the text'. Any subsection may have a brief heading. Each heading should be written on a separate line. References to formulas are given in parentheses; formulas are made in Word formula editor or Math Type. For publication in the Journal, the text of the manuscript is sent without Figures. It is welcome to duplicate the article file with jpg or tif images inserted into the text (with a resolution of at least 300 dpi) for the convenience of the reviewers.

7. Citation in text and reference list. Every reference cited in the text must be present in the reference list (and vice versa). Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. Examples of citations in the text: "see reviews [Asbridge, 2008a, 2008b, 2009; Mirt, Zhao, 2010]. Lemonh et al. [2015] have demonstrated this."

References in the reference list should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters 'a', 'b', 'c', etc., placed after the year of publication. Please indicate all authors of the material, separating them by commas.

Examples:

Reference to a journal publication: 
Troitskaya V.A., Bolshakova O.V. Diurnal latitude variation of the location of the dayside cusp. Planet. Space Sci. 1977, vol. 25, pp. 1167–1169.

Reference to a book: 
Guglielmi A.V., Pokhotelov O.A. Geoelectromagnetic Waves. Bristol and Philadelphia: IOP Publ. Ltd, 1996. 402 p.

Reference to a website (placed after the reference list):
URL: http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ow.html (accessed November 10, 2017).

8. Figure captions. Ensure that each Figure has a caption. Supply captions separately, as a caption list placed after the reference list, not attached to the Figure. Figures are numbered according to the order of their mention in the text. A caption should have a brief title (not on the Figure itself) and a description of the Figure. Keep text in the Figures themselves to a minimum, but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.

Artwork

Each Figure is presented as a separate file, without caption. Figures are made according to the following requirements.

– Recommended image formats are jpg, tif with a resolution of at least 300 dpi.
– The file name should reflect the Figure's sequence number, e.g., Fig_1.
– Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
– Aim to use the following fonts in your Figures: Arial, Courier, Times New Roman, Symbol, or use fonts that look similar. 
– Size the illustrations close to the desired dimensions of the published version. 
– Do not supply files that are optimized for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); they typically have a low number of pixels and limited set of colors.
– Do not supply files that are too low in resolution. 
– Do not submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.

Electronic format recommendations

Use Times New Roman for the text, Symbol for Greek letters, Mathematical for hand-written and Gothic characters. The preferable font size is 12 pt.

Do not use automatic hyphenation.

Enter key should be pressed only to go to the next paragraph, not to the next line.

Embed tables using MS Word (Insert - Table), Excel or other special facilities of your word processor.

Formulas

Mathematical formulas (embedded in a separate line) should be made in Math Type. The formulas inserted as a table, text, or text box are not allowed.

Abbreviations and Acronyms

Abbreviations are separated with spaces (760 mm Hg), except for the most widely used ones (i.e., e.g., etc.).

Use the following geographical abbreviations and acronyms: N (north latitude), E (east longitude); SW (southwest).

Abbreviations or formulas of chemical compounds that are used as adjectives are not usually hyphenated: IR spectroscopy, ULF waves, PE film, LCD state, Na+ form, OH group.

Units of Measure

Units of measure are separated from figures by a space (100 kPa, 77 K, 10.34 A), except for anglular degrees (90°), but 20 °C, 50 %, 10 ‰. Fractional units of measure: 58 J·mol−1, 50 m/s2.

As regards complex units of measure, it is allowed to use negative degrees (J mol-1·K-1) and parentheses {J/(mol·K) or J·(mol·K)-1} if it helps to read them. The main issue is the consistency of the same units of measure.

In listing and numerical ranges, units of measure are indicated only for the latter (18-20 J/mol), except for angular degrees.

The Celsius degrees are typed as follows: 5°C, NOT 5°. Angular degrees should not be omitted: 5°-10°, NOT 5-10°.

Word Spacing

References to Figures and Tables are typed with spaces (see Fig. 1, Table 2, NOT Fig.1, Table2).

Quotation marks and brackets are not separated with spaces from the text to be quoted:
(at 300 K), (a); NOT ( at 300 K ) ( a ).

The number and paragraph signs are seperated from numbers with a space: (No. 1; § 5.65).

Numbers and letters in titles and complex numbers are typed without spaces: (IVd; 1.3.14a; Fig. 1e).

In geographic coordinates, latitude and longitude are separated with spaces: 56.5° N; 85.0° E, NOT 56.5°N; 85.0°E.

Submission checklist

Ensure that the following items are present:

One author has been designated as the corresponding author with contact details:

• E-mail address

• Full postal address

All necessary files are prepared:

Manuscript including

• abstract
• keywords
• Figure captions

All Figures in separate files

All Tables (including titles, description, footnotes) in separate files

Check if:

• Ensure that all Figure and Table citations in the text match the files provided.
• Manuscript has been 'spell checked' and 'grammar checked'.
• All references mentioned in the Reference list must be cited in the text, and vice versa.
• Permission has been obtained for the use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Internet).
• Referee suggestions and contact details provided, based on Journal requirements.

Publication ethics

1. General duties and responsibilities of the Editor-in-chief

1.1. Editor-in-chief is accountable for everything published in his journal.

1.2. Editor-in-chief should not allow the publication of the materials which are irrelevant to the remit of the journal.

1.3. Editor-in-chief should not allow the publication of the information, if there is a sufficient reason to believe that it is plagiarism.

• Has the author published this research before?
• Has the author plagiarized another publication?
• Is the research ethical and have the appropriate approvals/consent been obtained?
• Is there any indication that the data have been fabricated or inappropriately manipulated?
• Have the authors declared all relevant competing interests?

2. Manuscript submission

2.1. Decisions to accept or reject a paper for publication should be based on the paper's importance, originality and clarity, its validity and relevance to the remit of the Journal.

2.2. Decisions to accept or reject a paper for publication are made by the Editor-in-chief or deputy-chief editor only after peer reviewing.

2.3. Peer reviewing and publishing articles for authors are free of charge.

3. Peer reviewing

3.1. Peer reviews are carried out by members of the Editorial Board and the editorial staff, as well as by invited reviewers - the leading experts in the corresponding field. Reviewers are selected by Editor-in-chief or deputy editor.

3.2. The content of manuscripts is valued regardless of race, gender, sexual orientation, religion, origin, nationality, social status or political affiliation of the authors.

3.3. The Editor-in-chief should inform reviewers about requirements that the Journal presents for peer reviews, including the following points:
• Reviews should be conducted objectively
• Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate
• Reviewers should express their views clearly with supporting arguments and references as necessary and not be defamatory or libellous
• Reviewers should declare any competing interests
• Reviewers should decline to review manuscripts in which they have a competing interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers
• Reviewers should respect the confidentiality of material supplied to them and may not discuss unpublished manuscripts with colleagues or use the information in their own work
• Any reviewer that wants to pass a review request onto a colleague must get the editor’s permission beforehand.

3.4. The reviewer who does not have, in his/her opinion, enough qualification for valuation of the manuscript or who can't be objective, for example in the case of a conflict of interest with the author or organization, should inform the editor with a request to exclude him/her from the review process of this manuscript.

3.5. Review originals are kept in the editorial office of the Journal for 5 years.

4. Copyright Policy

Unpublished data from submitted manuscripts should not be used for personal purposes, or passed on to third parties without written consent of authors. Information or ideas obtained in the course of editing and related to the potential benefits must be kept confidential and not be used for personal gain.

5. Relations with readers

Readers should be informed about who has funded the research and whether the funders had any role in the research and its publication and, if so, what it was.

6. Dealing with misconduct submitted

6.1. Editors with the publisher shouldn't leave unanswered complaints concerning the examination of manuscripts or published materials. In case of conflict, they should take all necessary measures to redress.

6.2. The editors should be willing to publish corrections, refutations, clearings, and complaints if necessary.

7. Publisher's position

7.1. Publisher does not interfere in the work of the Editorial Board and the editorial staff, is not involved in the selection of manuscripts, and does not insist on the publication of any material.

7.2. Publisher ensures the development of the Journal: its paper and electronic versions, including in databases and subscription catalogs.

7.3. Publisher retains the absence of a fee for the publication of articles in support of point 2 of this document.

8. Author’s duties

8.1. The authors present trustworthy results of the work done, as well as objective discussions of the significance of the study. The research data should be clearly stated in writing. Knowingly erroneous or falsified statements are equated with unethical behavior and are unacceptable.

8.2. Authors should provide only original works. When using text or graphic information obtained from the work of other aurthors, references to the relevant publications and the author's or publisher’s written permission are necessary.

8.3. Authors should indicate that their work is published for the first time. If elements of the manuscript have been previously published in another article, the authors are obliged to refer to earlier work and indicate what exactly is the essential difference between the new work and the previous one. Verbatim copying of own works and their paraphrasing are unacceptable, they can be used only as a basis for new conclusions. The Journal's policy does not exclude consideration of an article not accepted for publication by another journal, or a complete description presented after publication of preliminary results, i.e. theses or posters presented at professional conferences.

Submitting an article simultaneously to more than one journal is regarded as unethical behavior and is unacceptable.

8.4. The authors are obliged to recognize the contributions of others who have influenced the study. It is necessary to have bibliographic references to works used. Information obtained privately through conversation, correspondence or discussion with the third parties should not be used without open written permission from their source.

8.5. Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the concept, design, implementation or interpretation of the claimed study. All those who have made a significant contribution should be listed as co-authors. Those who participated in some significant aspects of the research project should be thanked in the text of the publication.

The author must ensure that the names of all co-authors and participants in the project are placed on the list of co-authors or mentioned as participants, and that all co-authors have read and approved the final version of the scientific work and also agreed to publish it.

8.6. All authors should disclose in their work information about any financial and other significant conflicts of interest that may affect the results of the study or their interpretation.

8.7. If the author finds a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her published work, he/she is obliged to immediately notify the editor or publisher of the Journal about this and assist them in eliminating or correcting the error. If the editor or publisher finds out from the third party that the published work contains significant errors, the author is obliged to immediately remove or correct them, or to provide the editors with proof of the correctness of the original article.

Useful links to COPE WEB sites for authors and publishers:
https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines
https://publicationethics.org/files/Ethical_Guidelines_For_Peer_Reviewers_2.pdf

Publication Process

Application Submission

The application for publication in the Journal can be submitted via the portal Naukaru.ru. Authors should register on the website Naukaru.ru and fill their personal profiles. In Comments box, please suggest at least three potential referees for your paper, indicating their e-mail addresses and position. Please ensure the potential referees are not from the same institution as any of the manuscript's authors. Note that the editor retains the sole right to decide whether or not the suggested reviewers are used. Also write your full name and a corresponding author's e-mail address.

The application should comply with the paper submission guidelines published on the Journal's web page at https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/journal/81/view#about-journal, subpage “Manuscript guidelines”.

In case of any problems, please contact the Editorial Board via e-mail solater@iszf.irk.ru. The same address can be also used for submission your manuscript sending by e-mail.

Initial Review

The editor reviews the submitted manuscript to ensure that it fits the Journal's criteria. If the manuscript is not within the remit of the Journal, it will be rejected. The editor will notify the author about this, giving reasons for the refusal.

If the paper is inconsistent with manuscript guidelines, it will be returned to the author for revision.

The paper that meets the requirements and falls within the remit of the Journal will be sent to reviewers.

Peer Review

All papers submitted for publication in Solar-Terrestrial Physics (Journal) are reviewed by leading Russian and international experts. Peer review is anonymous.

In accordance with the peer review results, a submitted paper can be rejected and sent to the author for revision, or can be accepted for publication.

Peer reviewer should:

• critically analyze the content of the paper to determine whether or not the paper merits publication;
• point out errors in methodology and instrumentation (if any);
• suggest how the author should revise the paper.

After receiving a review with comments or suggestion about how to revise the paper, the editor will send it to the author to correct the mistakes found in the manuscript. After receiving the author's response, the paper will be sent to another review; and the reviewer will recommend this manuscript for publication or rejection. If the author disagrees with the opinion of one of the reviewer, the paper will be sent to the third reviewer. If the author disagrees with the opinion of two reviewers and does not make corrections suggested by the reviewers, the paper will be rejected.

The submitted paper is also rejected if there are two negative reviews of it. In this case, the editor sends a notification email signed by the executive secretary of the Journal.

With two positive reviews, the submitted paper is approved for publication. The executive secretary of the Journal sends a corresponding notification email to the author.

The Editorial Board makes the final decision on publication of the manuscript and approves the content of the Journal.

Pear review and approval processes for the publication of papers take from 30 to 60 days. The Editorial Board can make a decision about unscheduled publication of a paper in view of its relevance.

Preparation of a paper for publication made by the Editorial Board consists in standard proofreading and copyediting. All corrections made in a paper are agreed upon by the author.

Reviews are kept in the Publishing House and Editorial Board for five years; copies of the reviews are available on request of the Russian Federation Ministry of Education and Science.

Publishing Agreement

After a paper has been accepted for publication, the author concludes an agreement with the Publishing House. The author should provide necessary data, print the agreement, sign it, and send it to the Publishing House.

Publication

After publication of a Journal issue, the editor assigns a DOI number to each paper and gives information about it to the Russian Scientific Information Center and the bibliographic database AstrophysicsDataSystem.

Each author receives a notification email about publication of their papers, with output data (Journal title, year, number, pages, and DOI). The PDF version of the article is attached.

To have a printed version of your paper, you can subscribe to the Journal or buy a separate issue, sending a request to the Publishing House: Subscription service, Limited Liability Company "Scientific Publishing Centre INFRA-M" 31B, Polyarnaya St., Build 1, Moscow, 127282, Russia.

List of additional material

The following material should be provided with submitted papers:

• Illustrative material (if any) in tif, jpg, bmp formats with resolution being not less than 300 dpi;
• Scientific supervisor's comment on the paper (for postgraduates and students).

All files have to be archived; and the archive should be downloaded when you submit an application to Naukaru.ru. The total file size should not be over 50 Mb

Other conditions of publication

The Editorial Board reserves the right to select according to themes and edit all submitted material. The authors' opinions stated in their papers do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Editorial Board.

Authors are responsible for the content of their papers, their publication, as well as for damage to the third parties if it turns out that the papers have violated someone else's rights or generally accepted standards of research ethics (see Publication Ethics Guidelines).

Submitted papers undergo mandatory peer reviews.

If a manuscript is written not in accordance with these rules, it can be returned to the author for revision before being reviewed.

The paper can be rejected if

• the author has refused to revise the paper as per the comments made by the Editorial Board and reviewers;
• the author has not responded to reviewers' comments on time;
• there are two negative reviews of the paper;
• the paper contains over 20% plagiarized text.

The final decision on publication of papers is made by the Editorial Board.

Guide for Authors

Authors should indicate that their paper is published for the first time (except in the form of an abstract or as part of a published lecture or academic thesis or as an electronic preprint), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the research has been carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other languages, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright holder. If elements of the manuscript have been previously published in another article, the authors should refer to earlier work and indicate the difference between the new work and the previous one. Verbatim copying of own works and their paraphrasing are unacceptable, they can be used only as a basis for new conclusions. The Journal's policy does not exclude consideration of an article not accepted for publication by another journal.

Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the concept, design, implementation or interpretation of the claimed study. The author must ensure that names of all co-authors are placed on the list of co-authors, and that all co-authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript and also agreed to publish it.

After a paper has been accepted for publication, the author concludes an agreement with the Publishing House. The author should provide necessary data, print the agreement, sign it, and send it to the Publishing House.

Authors must identify who provided financial support for the research and/or preparation of the article.

All monuscripts in the Journal are published without paying royalties. The publication is free of charge.

You can submit your manuscript via the portal Naukaru.ru. Register on the website Naukaru.ru and fill your personal profile. In Comments box, please suggest full names of three potential referees for your paper, indicating their e-mail addresses and affiliations. Please ensure the potential referees are not from the same institution as any of the manuscript's authors. Note that the editor retains the sole right to decide whether or not the suggested reviewers are used. Also write your full name and a corresponding author's e-mail address.

Manuscript Preparation Guidelines

Before you send your article to the Journal for review, we strongly recommend you to carry out a final check of your submission using the Submission checklist below, at the bottom of this guideline.

The volume of the article is recommended to be within the range of 15–50 thousand characters (including gaps). The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the word processor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the subsection “Electronic format requirements” below). Note that source files of Figures, Tables and text graphics will be required whether or not you embed your Figures in the text. To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the 'spell-check' and 'grammar-check' functions of your word processor.

Manuscript should include the following items:

1. Title
2. Authors’ names
3. Authors’ affiliations
4. Abstract
5. Key words
6. Full article text
7. References
8. Figure captions

Requirements for individual elements of the article:

1. The title should be descriptive and informative. Abbreviations and symbols are allowed only for general use, understandable to a general reader, they are used in exceptional cases and necessarily decoded in the abstract.

2. Authors’ full names. Please clearly indicate the given name(s) and family name(s) of each author and check that all names are accurately spelled.

3. Authors’ affiliations with brief postal addresses (city, region/state, country) of each affiliation, and, if available, the e-mail address of each author. Indicate all affiliations and addresses immediately after the author's name. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that the e-mail address of the corresponding author is given and that contact details are kept up to date.

4. Abstract should be concise and factual, within 100–250 words. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, its principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. References should therefore be avoided.

5. Key words (5–7 words or collocations) are placed immediately after the abstract. Please avoid general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. Keywords are used for indexing purposes.

6. The text of the article is typed in Microsoft Word or other word processor and is saved in the native format of the word processor in use. You may divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1, 1.2, etc. (abstract, introduction, and conclusion are not numbered). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing - do not just refer to 'the text'. Any subsection may have a brief heading. Each heading should be written on a separate line. References to formulas are given in parentheses; formulas are made in Word formula editor or Math Type. For publication in the Journal, the text of the manuscript is sent without Figures. It is welcome to duplicate the article file with jpg or tif images inserted into the text (with a resolution of at least 300 dpi) for the convenience of the reviewers.

7. Citation in text and reference list. Every reference cited in the text must be present in the reference list (and vice versa). Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. Examples of citations in the text: "see reviews [Asbridge, 2008a, 2008b, 2009; Mirt, Zhao, 2010]. Lemonh et al. [2015] have demonstrated this."

References in the reference list should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters 'a', 'b', 'c', etc., placed after the year of publication. Please indicate all authors of the material, separating them by commas.

Examples:

Reference to a journal publication: 
Troitskaya V.A., Bolshakova O.V. Diurnal latitude variation of the location of the dayside cusp. Planet. Space Sci. 1977, vol. 25, pp. 1167–1169.

Reference to a book: 
Guglielmi A.V., Pokhotelov O.A. Geoelectromagnetic Waves. Bristol and Philadelphia: IOP Publ. Ltd, 1996. 402 p.

Reference to a website (placed after the reference list):
URL: http://omniweb.gsfc.nasa.gov/ow.html (accessed November 10, 2017).

8. Figure captions. Ensure that each Figure has a caption. Supply captions separately, as a caption list placed after the reference list, not attached to the Figure. Figures are numbered according to the order of their mention in the text. A caption should have a brief title (not on the Figure itself) and a description of the Figure. Keep text in the Figures themselves to a minimum, but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.

Artwork

Each Figure is presented as a separate file, without caption. Figures are made according to the following requirements.

– Recommended image formats are jpg, tif with a resolution of at least 300 dpi.
– The file name should reflect the Figure's sequence number, e.g., Fig_1.
– Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
– Aim to use the following fonts in your Figures: Arial, Courier, Times New Roman, Symbol, or use fonts that look similar. 
– Size the illustrations close to the desired dimensions of the published version. 
– Do not supply files that are optimized for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); they typically have a low number of pixels and limited set of colors.
– Do not supply files that are too low in resolution. 
– Do not submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.

Electronic format recommendations

Use Times New Roman for the text, Symbol for Greek letters, Mathematical for hand-written and Gothic characters. The preferable font size is 12 pt.

Do not use automatic hyphenation.

Enter key should be pressed only to go to the next paragraph, not to the next line.

Embed tables using MS Word (Insert - Table), Excel or other special facilities of your word processor.

Formulas

Mathematical formulas (embedded in a separate line) should be made in Math Type. The formulas inserted as a table, text, or text box are not allowed.

Abbreviations and Acronyms

Abbreviations are separated with spaces (760 mm Hg), except for the most widely used ones (i.e., e.g., etc.).

Use the following geographical abbreviations and acronyms: N (north latitude), E (east longitude); SW (southwest).

Abbreviations or formulas of chemical compounds that are used as adjectives are not usually hyphenated: IR spectroscopy, ULF waves, PE film, LCD state, Na+ form, OH group.

Units of Measure

Units of measure are separated from figures by a space (100 kPa, 77 K, 10.34 A), except for anglular degrees (90°), but 20 °C, 50 %, 10 ‰. Fractional units of measure: 58 J·mol−1, 50 m/s2.

As regards complex units of measure, it is allowed to use negative degrees (J mol-1·K-1) and parentheses {J/(mol·K) or J·(mol·K)-1} if it helps to read them. The main issue is the consistency of the same units of measure.

In listing and numerical ranges, units of measure are indicated only for the latter (18-20 J/mol), except for angular degrees.

The Celsius degrees are typed as follows: 5°C, NOT 5°. Angular degrees should not be omitted: 5°-10°, NOT 5-10°.

Word Spacing

References to Figures and Tables are typed with spaces (see Fig. 1, Table 2, NOT Fig.1, Table2).

Quotation marks and brackets are not separated with spaces from the text to be quoted:
(at 300 K), (a); NOT ( at 300 K ) ( a ).

The number and paragraph signs are seperated from numbers with a space: (No. 1; § 5.65).

Numbers and letters in titles and complex numbers are typed without spaces: (IVd; 1.3.14a; Fig. 1e).

In geographic coordinates, latitude and longitude are separated with spaces: 56.5° N; 85.0° E, NOT 56.5°N; 85.0°E.

Submission checklist

Ensure that the following items are present:

One author has been designated as the corresponding author with contact details:

• E-mail address

• Full postal address

All necessary files are prepared:

Manuscript including

• abstract
• keywords
• Figure captions

All Figures in separate files

All Tables (including titles, description, footnotes) in separate files

Check if:

• Ensure that all Figure and Table citations in the text match the files provided.
• Manuscript has been 'spell checked' and 'grammar checked'.
• All references mentioned in the Reference list must be cited in the text, and vice versa.
• Permission has been obtained for the use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Internet).
• Referee suggestions and contact details provided, based on Journal requirements.

Publication ethics

1. General duties and responsibilities of the Editor-in-chief

1.1. Editor-in-chief is accountable for everything published in his journal.

1.2. Editor-in-chief should not allow the publication of the materials which are irrelevant to the remit of the journal.

1.3. Editor-in-chief should not allow the publication of the information, if there is a sufficient reason to believe that it is plagiarism.

• Has the author published this research before?
• Has the author plagiarized another publication?
• Is the research ethical and have the appropriate approvals/consent been obtained?
• Is there any indication that the data have been fabricated or inappropriately manipulated?
• Have the authors declared all relevant competing interests?

2. Manuscript submission

2.1. Decisions to accept or reject a paper for publication should be based on the paper's importance, originality and clarity, its validity and relevance to the remit of the Journal.

2.2. Decisions to accept or reject a paper for publication are made by the Editor-in-chief or deputy-chief editor only after peer reviewing.

2.3. Peer reviewing and publishing articles for authors are free of charge.

3. Peer reviewing

3.1. Peer reviews are carried out by members of the Editorial Board and the editorial staff, as well as by invited reviewers - the leading experts in the corresponding field. Reviewers are selected by Editor-in-chief or deputy editor.

3.2. The content of manuscripts is valued regardless of race, gender, sexual orientation, religion, origin, nationality, social status or political affiliation of the authors.

3.3. The Editor-in-chief should inform reviewers about requirements that the Journal presents for peer reviews, including the following points:
• Reviews should be conducted objectively
• Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate
• Reviewers should express their views clearly with supporting arguments and references as necessary and not be defamatory or libellous
• Reviewers should declare any competing interests
• Reviewers should decline to review manuscripts in which they have a competing interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers
• Reviewers should respect the confidentiality of material supplied to them and may not discuss unpublished manuscripts with colleagues or use the information in their own work
• Any reviewer that wants to pass a review request onto a colleague must get the editor’s permission beforehand.

3.4. The reviewer who does not have, in his/her opinion, enough qualification for valuation of the manuscript or who can't be objective, for example in the case of a conflict of interest with the author or organization, should inform the editor with a request to exclude him/her from the review process of this manuscript.

3.5. Review originals are kept in the editorial office of the Journal for 5 years.

4. Copyright Policy

Unpublished data from submitted manuscripts should not be used for personal purposes, or passed on to third parties without written consent of authors. Information or ideas obtained in the course of editing and related to the potential benefits must be kept confidential and not be used for personal gain.

5. Relations with readers

Readers should be informed about who has funded the research and whether the funders had any role in the research and its publication and, if so, what it was.

6. Dealing with misconduct submitted

6.1. Editors with the publisher shouldn't leave unanswered complaints concerning the examination of manuscripts or published materials. In case of conflict, they should take all necessary measures to redress.

6.2. The editors should be willing to publish corrections, refutations, clearings, and complaints if necessary.

7. Publisher's position

7.1. Publisher does not interfere in the work of the Editorial Board and the editorial staff, is not involved in the selection of manuscripts, and does not insist on the publication of any material.

7.2. Publisher ensures the development of the Journal: its paper and electronic versions, including in databases and subscription catalogs.

7.3. Publisher retains the absence of a fee for the publication of articles in support of point 2 of this document.

8. Author’s duties

8.1. The authors present trustworthy results of the work done, as well as objective discussions of the significance of the study. The research data should be clearly stated in writing. Knowingly erroneous or falsified statements are equated with unethical behavior and are unacceptable.

8.2. Authors should provide only original works. When using text or graphic information obtained from the work of other aurthors, references to the relevant publications and the author's or publisher’s written permission are necessary.

8.3. Authors should indicate that their work is published for the first time. If elements of the manuscript have been previously published in another article, the authors are obliged to refer to earlier work and indicate what exactly is the essential difference between the new work and the previous one. Verbatim copying of own works and their paraphrasing are unacceptable, they can be used only as a basis for new conclusions. The Journal's policy does not exclude consideration of an article not accepted for publication by another journal, or a complete description presented after publication of preliminary results, i.e. theses or posters presented at professional conferences.

Submitting an article simultaneously to more than one journal is regarded as unethical behavior and is unacceptable.

8.4. The authors are obliged to recognize the contributions of others who have influenced the study. It is necessary to have bibliographic references to works used. Information obtained privately through conversation, correspondence or discussion with the third parties should not be used without open written permission from their source.

8.5. Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the concept, design, implementation or interpretation of the claimed study. All those who have made a significant contribution should be listed as co-authors. Those who participated in some significant aspects of the research project should be thanked in the text of the publication.

The author must ensure that the names of all co-authors and participants in the project are placed on the list of co-authors or mentioned as participants, and that all co-authors have read and approved the final version of the scientific work and also agreed to publish it.

8.6. All authors should disclose in their work information about any financial and other significant conflicts of interest that may affect the results of the study or their interpretation.

8.7. If the author finds a significant error or inaccuracy in his/her published work, he/she is obliged to immediately notify the editor or publisher of the Journal about this and assist them in eliminating or correcting the error. If the editor or publisher finds out from the third party that the published work contains significant errors, the author is obliged to immediately remove or correct them, or to provide the editors with proof of the correctness of the original article.

Useful links to COPE WEB sites for authors and publishers:
https://publicationethics.org/resources/guidelines
https://publicationethics.org/files/Ethical_Guidelines_For_Peer_Reviewers_2.pdf

Publication Process

Application Submission

The application for publication in the Journal can be submitted via the portal Naukaru.ru. Authors should register on the website Naukaru.ru and fill their personal profiles. In Comments box, please suggest at least three potential referees for your paper, indicating their e-mail addresses and position. Please ensure the potential referees are not from the same institution as any of the manuscript's authors. Note that the editor retains the sole right to decide whether or not the suggested reviewers are used. Also write your full name and a corresponding author's e-mail address.

The application should comply with the paper submission guidelines published on the Journal's web page at https://naukaru.ru/en/nauka/journal/81/view#about-journal, subpage “Manuscript guidelines”.

In case of any problems, please contact the Editorial Board via e-mail solater@iszf.irk.ru. The same address can be also used for submission your manuscript sending by e-mail.

Initial Review

The editor reviews the submitted manuscript to ensure that it fits the Journal's criteria. If the manuscript is not within the remit of the Journal, it will be rejected. The editor will notify the author about this, giving reasons for the refusal.

If the paper is inconsistent with manuscript guidelines, it will be returned to the author for revision.

The paper that meets the requirements and falls within the remit of the Journal will be sent to reviewers.

Peer Review

All papers submitted for publication in Solar-Terrestrial Physics (Journal) are reviewed by leading Russian and international experts. Peer review is anonymous.

In accordance with the peer review results, a submitted paper can be rejected and sent to the author for revision, or can be accepted for publication.

Peer reviewer should:

• critically analyze the content of the paper to determine whether or not the paper merits publication;
• point out errors in methodology and instrumentation (if any);
• suggest how the author should revise the paper.

After receiving a review with comments or suggestion about how to revise the paper, the editor will send it to the author to correct the mistakes found in the manuscript. After receiving the author's response, the paper will be sent to another review; and the reviewer will recommend this manuscript for publication or rejection. If the author disagrees with the opinion of one of the reviewer, the paper will be sent to the third reviewer. If the author disagrees with the opinion of two reviewers and does not make corrections suggested by the reviewers, the paper will be rejected.

The submitted paper is also rejected if there are two negative reviews of it. In this case, the editor sends a notification email signed by the executive secretary of the Journal.

With two positive reviews, the submitted paper is approved for publication. The executive secretary of the Journal sends a corresponding notification email to the author.

The Editorial Board makes the final decision on publication of the manuscript and approves the content of the Journal.

Pear review and approval processes for the publication of papers take from 30 to 60 days. The Editorial Board can make a decision about unscheduled publication of a paper in view of its relevance.

Preparation of a paper for publication made by the Editorial Board consists in standard proofreading and copyediting. All corrections made in a paper are agreed upon by the author.

Reviews are kept in the Publishing House and Editorial Board for five years; copies of the reviews are available on request of the Russian Federation Ministry of Education and Science.

Publishing Agreement

After a paper has been accepted for publication, the author concludes an agreement with the Publishing House. The author should provide necessary data, print the agreement, sign it, and send it to the Publishing House.

Publication

After publication of a Journal issue, the editor assigns a DOI number to each paper and gives information about it to the Russian Scientific Information Center and the bibliographic database AstrophysicsDataSystem.

Each author receives a notification email about publication of their papers, with output data (Journal title, year, number, pages, and DOI). The PDF version of the article is attached.

To have a printed version of your paper, you can subscribe to the Journal or buy a separate issue, sending a request to the Publishing House: Subscription service, Limited Liability Company "Scientific Publishing Centre INFRA-M" 31B, Polyarnaya St., Build 1, Moscow, 127282, Russia.

List of additional material

The following material should be provided with submitted papers:

• Illustrative material (if any) in tif, jpg, bmp formats with resolution being not less than 300 dpi;
• Scientific supervisor's comment on the paper (for postgraduates and students).

All files have to be archived; and the archive should be downloaded when you submit an application to Naukaru.ru. The total file size should not be over 50 Mb

Other conditions of publication

The Editorial Board reserves the right to select according to themes and edit all submitted material. The authors' opinions stated in their papers do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the Editorial Board.

Authors are responsible for the content of their papers, their publication, as well as for damage to the third parties if it turns out that the papers have violated someone else's rights or generally accepted standards of research ethics (see Publication Ethics Guidelines).

Submitted papers undergo mandatory peer reviews.

If a manuscript is written not in accordance with these rules, it can be returned to the author for revision before being reviewed.

The paper can be rejected if

• the author has refused to revise the paper as per the comments made by the Editorial Board and reviewers;
• the author has not responded to reviewers' comments on time;
• there are two negative reviews of the paper;
• the paper contains over 20% plagiarized text.

The final decision on publication of papers is made by the Editorial Board.

Quarterly

Bogod V. St. Petersburg Branch of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences
doctor of physical and mathematical sciences

Miroshnichenko I. Institute of Laser Physics, SB RAS
candidate of physical and mathematical sciences

docent

Abunin Artem Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation RAS
candidate of physical and mathematical sciences

Abunina Mariya Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation RAS
candidate of physical and mathematical sciences

Akbashev Rinat Kamchatka Branch of the Unified Geophysical Survey RAS
candidate of physical and mathematical sciences


ORCID:0000-0002-6842-1552

Aksenov Oleg Scientific Research Center Kosmos, Ministry of Defence
doctor of technical sciences

Aksenovich Tatyana Northern Energetics Research Centre KSC RAS (junior reseacher)
from 16.09.2018 until now

SPIN: 1035240 ORCID:0000-0001-5380-713X

Akchurin Adel Kazan Federal University
candidate of physical and mathematical sciences

Aleshkov Viktor Institute of Solar Terrestrial Physics SB RAS

Alpatov Viktor Fedorov Institute of Applied Geophysics
candidate of physical and mathematical sciences

Alsatkin Sergei Institute of Solar Terrestrial Physics SB RAS

Altyntsev Alexander Institute of Solar Terrestrial Physics SB RAS
doctor of physical and mathematical sciences

Ammosov Petr Yu.G. Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy SB RAS
candidate of physical and mathematical sciences

Ammosova Anastasiya Yu.G. Shafer Institute of Cosmophysical Research and Aeronomy of SB RAS (Atmospheric Optics Laboratory, Researcher)
from 01.01.2011 until now candidate of physical and mathematical sciences from 01.01.2017 until now

Andreev Aleksey Institute of the Ionosphere

Anfinogentov Sergey Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS
candidate of physical and mathematical sciences

Artamonov Maksim Institute of Solar Terrestrial Physics SB RAS

Aslam O.P.M. Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology

Afanasiev Nikolay Irkutsk State University
doctor of physical and mathematical sciences

Akhmetov Oleg Polar Geophysical Institute RAS
candidate of physical and mathematical sciences

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