from 01.01.2018 until now
Voronezh, Russian Federation
UDK 50 Общие вопросы математических и естественных наук
The article provides a retrospective review of the main historical stages in the development of the "garbage problem". The correlation between the increase in garbage accumulation and the growth in the number of infectious diseases is shown. It was found that the main methods of disposal of household waste in the world today are: incineration, which is considered as a means of reducing the total volume of waste, while simultaneously allowing the use of waste heat; recycling, i.e. processing for further use, and burial. A promising method may be the technological processing of municipal waste: organic matter is used to obtain fertilizers, textile and paper waste paper is used to obtain new paper, scrap metal is sent for remelting. The main problem in recycling is waste sorting and the development of environmentally friendly technological processes for recycling. The philosophical aspect of the accumulation of garbage on the planet is considered. The results of the comparative analysis of the qualitative and quantitative composition of household waste in landfills and along roads showed that it is not specific on roads - there is not a single component in its qualitative composition that would be absent from city landfills, but the ratio of its quantitative composition is different. The following materials are noted in the composition of the waste in descending order of their occurrence: paper - 35% (including cigarette filter), plastic - 32%, polyethylene - 18%, metal (including foil) - 6%, glass - 5%, food waste - 4%. During the 22-year study, no radical dynamics of the qualitative and quantitative composition of garbage on the sides of the roads were observed. Wood, textile, rubber and leather, found in small quantities in city landfills, are completely absent in the areas directly adjacent to the roads.
household waste, disposal, pollution with household waste
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