Russian Federation
The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the paid domestic labor market in the Russian economy. It is shown that this market is characterized by the following features: weak state regulation; a high proportion of internal and external migrants; a wide spread of the shadow economy and informal labor relations; gender differences; the presence in the market of an “elite” segment of workers providing higher-quality and highly paid services, and a segment of workers performing temporary, episodic work. It is proved on the basis of market analysis that there is a predominant demand for skilled labor, and wages are at or above the national average. It is concluded that further efforts are needed to legalize the work of domestic workers within the framework of the state employment policy.
labor market, domestic work, domestic worker, labor force migration, professional standards
1. Zdravmyslova E., Tkach O. Cultural models of class inequality in the sphere of waged domestic labor in Russia. Laboratorium. 2016;№ 8(3).-pp. 68-99. (In Russian)
2. Kazantseva N.V., Ostapenko V.A. Relocation of specialists from Russia: scale and economic consequences // Personnel and intellectual resources management in Russia. 2022. Vol.12. No. 2. Pp. 24-29.
3. Kazantseva N.V., Ostapenko V.A. Labor reserves in the Russian economy: problems of evaluation and effective use // Personnel and intellectual resources management in Russia. 2022. Vol.11. No. 3. Pp. 71-74.
4. Kazantseva N.V., Kharchilava G.P. Management of socio-economic and digital adaptation of migrants in Russia// E-Management- 2022,-Vol.5- No.2 -Pp.68-74.
5. Kvachev V.G. Outsourcing of domestic work in Russia: the precariousness of employment in a substantive economy. The standard of living of the population of the regions of Russia. 2018; 3. 32-37. DOI:https://doi.org/10.24411/1999-9836-2018-10025. (In Russian)
6. International Labour Organization. Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No. 189). https://base.garant.ru/70165048/ (accessed: 07.08.2023).
7. Russian Federation. Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation. Occupational Standard 33.020 "Professional Cleaner". Approved by order of September 13, 2016 N 507n. https://classinform.ru/profstandarty/33.020-specialist-po-professionalnoy-uborke.html (accessed: 08/13/2023).
8. Russian Federation. Ministry of Labor and Social Protection of the Russian Federation. Professional standard 33.021 "Maid". Approved by order of September 5, 2017 N 657n. https://classinform.ru/profstandarty/33.021-gornichnaia.html (accessed: 08/13/2023).
9. Russian Federation. Federal Law No. 522-FZ of December 19, 2022 “On Amending Article 1 of the Federal Law “On the Minimum Wage” and on Suspension of Its Certain Provisions.” http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/bank/48689 (accessed: 08/07/2023).
10. Semenova L. A. Domestic workers in the system of hired labor. Sociological science and social practice. 2015; №3(11).- Pp. 94-114.
11. Federal State Statistics Service. 14.1% was the growth of average nominal accrued salaries and median wages in 2022. https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/313/document/209470 (accessed: 08/12/2023).
12. Florinskaya Yu. F., Mkrtchyan N. V., Kartseva M. A. Women as hired workers in the households of Moscow and St. Petersburg.// Woman in Russian society. 2022; №2.- Pp.87-102. DOI:https://doi.org/10.21064/WinRS.2022.2.7.
13. Boris, E. Never Obsolete: Private Household Workers and the Transaction of Domestic Work. International Labor and Working-Class History, 2023. Rp. 1-16. doihttps://doi.org/10.1017/S0147547922000151
14. International labour organization. Making decent work a reality for domestic workers: Progress and prospects ten years after the adoption of the Domestic Workers Convention, 2011 (No 189). Geneva: ILO, 2021. 340 p.
15. Giordano, C. Ethnicisation and Domesticisation. The Impact of Care, Gender and Migration Regimes on Paid Domestic Work in Europe. Bruxelles, Palgrave Macmillan Cham, 2022. 369 r.
16. Lutz, H. ed. Migration and Domestic Work: A European Perspective on a Global Theme. Farnham, UK: Ashgate, 2008. 224 p.
17. Website HeadHunter.ru [Electronic resource]. URL: https://hh.ru / (accessed: 01.09.2023).