The paper characterizes theoretical and methodological approaches and methods of comparative education (Comparative Education) on the philosophical, general scientific, concrete scientific and technological levels, which were received on the basis of the analysis of the works of Russian and foreign comparativists and educational practices. The features of the humanitarian approach, the essence and distinctive features of the system, cultural, axiological, competence approach to the methodology of the Russian comparative education are presented. The advantages of the humanitarian approach to the comparative study of the educational reality are considered. Great attention is paid to the identification of variant conditions for the development of the individual student based on an integrated use of quantitative and qualitative methods, that allows researchers to study not only the educational system but also the man himself in these systems in a particular socio-cultural context . The methods of application of theoretical and practical, quantitative and qualitative methods in a comparative study of the educational reality at the global, national and institutional levels are described. Measures to improve the scientific and methodological potential of comparative education in Russia are suggested to convert this branch of scientific knowledge and educational discipline into an effective instrument of modernization of national education.
comparative education, comparative pedagogy methodology, methods of comparative education, theoretical and methodological approaches, humanitarian approach, the global level, the national level, the institutional level, the modernization of education, Russia.
Сравнение как метод научного познания широко используется в различных отраслях научного знания, поскольку способствует более четкому обоснованию закономерностей науки, типологизации и классификации явлений и процессов, а также построению идеальных или реальных моделей. К числу наук, для которых сравнение является одним из основных способов познания объективной реальности, относится и сравнительная педагогика — отрасль педагогического знания, изучающая общее и особенное в образовании, воспитании и обучении в разных странах и геополитических регионах (Б.Л. Вульфсон, З.А. Малькова). Исследование образовательных проблем в условиях глобализации создает благоприятные предпосылки для более широкого использования методов сравнительной педагогики в сфере образования.
В XXI в. интенсивно формируется мировое образовательное пространство, которое объединяет национальные системы образования разного типа и уровня, значительно отличающиеся по философским и культурным традициям, целям и задачам, качеству предоставляемых услуг [4]. В условиях глобализации особое значение приобретает сопоставительный анализ систем образования на глобальном, национальном и институциональном уровнях, выявление тенденций в их развитии для приведения способов обучения и воспитания личности в соответствие с вызовами постиндустриального общества.
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