Target Setting. This article is based on the author´s lecture at the International Scientific-Practical Conference "The Employment Precarity (Precarisation): Special and General, Considering the Integration Efforts of the State and Society" (Moscow, 17-19 September 2014). Object and Subject of the Study. Taking into account the objectives of the conference the article examines three areas of the issues discussed: the creation and use of more precise conceptual apparatus in employment; characteristics of the main forms of stable and unstable employment in the Russian Federation singling out of the special forms of precarious informal employment; substantiating of the need to strengthen state influence on the scope of the informal precarious employment on the basis of increased guarantees in the form of a minimum hourly wage established by local authorities. Result. Proposals to give some more precise definitions in the Labour Code of the Russian Federation have been made.
employment, sustainable employment, employment (precarity employment), precarious informal employment, the monthly minimum wage, the hourly minimum wage.
1. Отработка понятийного аппарата как необходимая предпосылка выработки эффективных решений в сфере занятости. Некоторые предложения
Изучение проблемы занятости трудоспособного населения с позиций ее устойчивости (неустойчивости) [Бобков, Вередюк, 2013, с. 66–78] для лица, осуществляющего деятельность по производству материальных благ или услуг, удовлетворяющую потребности общества, с одной стороны, и дающую этому лицу доход для удовлетворения его потребностей (личных и семейных) — с другой, может быть полезно для характеристики не только тенденций развития той или иной конкретной экономической системы, но и всей глобальной экономической организации жизнедеятельности человеческой цивилизации [Колосова, Бобков, 2013, с. 25–37]. Это возможно, прежде всего, при условии не отождествления устойчивой или неустойчивой занятости с другими ее характеристиками и, в частности, с делением занятости на формальную и неформальную [Аистов, Ларин, Леонова, 2012, 18, с. 17–36; Гимпельсон, Капелюшников, 2014, 1, с. 78–92]. При этом под формальной занятостью понимается форма занятости, регулируемая со стороны общества в лице государства. Под неформальной занятостью понимается форма занятости, находящаяся, как принято говорить, в тени общественного (государственного) регулирования, т.е. занятость, «не замечаемая» государством. Такое отождествление неустойчивой занятости с неформальной отражает и название международной конференции.
Автор придерживается точки зрения, что деление занятости на устойчивую и неустойчивую имеет большое самостоятельное значение. Столь же самостоятельное, как ее деление на полную и частичную; стандартную и нестандартную; в качестве наемного работника либо самозанятого; формальную и неформальную; у одного работодателя или одновременно у нескольких (совместительство); занятые и вакантные рабочие места.
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