ICELAND SPAR AND BIREFRINGENT FILTER (BF) DEVELOPMENT
Abstract and keywords
Abstract (English):
Birefringent crystals for BF are required to provide the necessary linear aperture, wavefront quality, and filter transmission in a given spectral region. Based on the review of foreign and domestic BF developments, the difficulties in using crystals from known deposits are examined. The Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics has developed BFs with extreme characteristics, using an innovative method for enriching crystals from East Siberian deposits and new methods for optical treatment and control of BF elements. We present the characteristics of the filters. Further progress in the creation of BFs in our country depends on the availability of necessary synthetic crystals and natural crystal of Iceland spar, which turned out to be a difficult fate in Russia.

Keywords:
birefringent filter, Iceland spar, crystal morphology, optical treatment, solar observations
Text
Publication text (PDF): Read Download
References

1. Aleksandrovich S.V., Domyshev G.N., Korovkin A.I., Sadokhin V.P., Skomorovsky V.I. Narrow-band birefringnt filter with two transmission bands. Novaya tekhnika v astronomii [New facilities in astronomy]. 1975, no. 5, pp. 34-39. (In Russian).

2. Beckers J., Dicson L., Joyce R. A fully tunable Lyot-Ohman filter Report No. 227. February 1975. Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories (LM) Hansom AFB Massachusetts 01731.

3. Borodin V.L., Grechushnikov B.N., Domyshev G.N., Dronov V.V., Kachalov O.V., Lyutin V.I., Markabaeva A.K., Sadokhin V.P., Skomorovsky V.I., Khadzhi V.E. Optical properties of single crystals of synthetic calcite. Optika anizotropnykh sred [Optics of Anisotropic Media] Moscow, ed. MFTI Publ., 1985, pp. 37-40. (In Russian).

4. Bray R.J., Winter J.G. High-resolution photography of the solar chromosphere. VIII computer control of tunable 1/8 Å filter. Solar Phys.1970, vol. 15, pp. 309-316.

5. Bray R.J. Computer-controlled narrow-band optical filters in solar astronomy. Radiofizika [Radiophysics]. 1977, vol. 20, no. 9. pp. 1318-1329. (In Russian).

6. Dollfus A., Colson G., Crussaire D., Launay F. A monochromator for solar quantitative imagery - the instrument FPSS. Astron. Astrophys. 1985, vol. 151, pp. 235-253.

7. Dollfus A., Moity J. Filter magnetograph measurements at Meudon observatory. ASP Conference Ser. Magnetic and Velocity Fields of Solar Active Regions. 1993, vol. 46, pp.199-202.

8. Domyshev G.N., Sadokhin V.P., Skomorovsky V.I. Sposob dvustoronnego polirovaniya [Two-Side Polishing Method]. Patent No. 825539. 1976. (In Russian).

9. Domyshev G.N., Sadokhin V.P., Skomorovsky V.I. Stanok dlya dovodki ploskikh poverkhnostei [Machine for Finishing Flat Surfaces]. Patent No. 878531. 1981. (In Russian).

10. Domyshev G.N., Sadokhin V.P., Skomorovsky V.I. Sposob orientirovaniya kristallicheskikh plastin [The Method of Crystal Plates Orientation] Patent No. 1506420. 1989. (In Russian).

11. Domyshev G.N., Kushtal G.I., Sadokhin V.P., Skomorovsky V.I. IPF do not give up (modernization of the two-band filter HeI 10830 Å, Nα) Solnechno-zemnaya fizika [Solar-Terr. Phys]. 2004, iss. 6, pp. 156-160. (In Russian).

12. Eremin N.I. Nemetallicheskie poleznye iskopaemye [Non-Metallic Minerals] 2004, Ed. 2: Moscow University Press, Moscow, 259 p. (In Russian).

13. Evans J. The quartz polarizing monochromator. Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. San Francisco, California. 1940, no. 309, pp. 305-311.

14. Gener F., Bricard M., Lemetre R., Aumont R. Recristallisation hydrothermale de la calcite dans des solutions d’halogenuers d’ammonium. High Temperatures - High Pressures. 1974, vol. 6, no. 6, pp. 657-662. (In French).

15. Giovanelli R.G., Jefferies J.T. On the optical properties of components for birefringent filters. Australian Journal of Physics. 1954, vol. 7, pp. 254-269.

16. Gunter M.E. A Lucky Break for Polarization: The Optical Properties of Calcite. Calcite issue of extraLapis English. 2003, no. 4, pp. 40-45.

17. Hammerschlag R., Skomorovsky V., Bettonvil F., Kushtal G., Olshevsky V., Rutten R.J., et al. The Irkutsk barium filter for narrow-band wide-field high-resolution solar images at the Dutch Open Telescope. Proc. SPIE. 2010, vol. 7735, id. 773585. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1117/12.858450.

18. Ikornikova N.Yu., Butuzov V.P. On hydrothermal synthesis of calcite Doklady AN SSSR [USSR Academy of Sci. Rep.] 1956, vol. 111, no. 1, pp. 105-106. (In Russian).

19. Ikornikova N.Yu. Gidrotermalnyi sintez kristallov v khloridnykh sistemakh [Hydrothermal Crystal Synthesis in Chloride Systems] Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1975, 224 p.

20. Ioffe S.B., Prokofieva I.A., Eigenson M.S. Chromospheric telescope. Dokl. AN SSSR [USSR Academy of Sci. Rep.]. 1950, vol. 75, no. 5, pp. 629-631. (In Russian).

21. Khetsuriani T.S., Khutsishvili E.V., Skomorovsky V.I., Sadokhin V.P., Gigolashvili M.Sh., Majer A.K., Tetruashvili E. I. On the observation of the solar corona in red rays in Abastumani. Byull. Abastumanskoi astrofizicheskoi observatorii [Bull. Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory]. 1989, no. 66, pp. 105-112. (In Russian).

22. Kikuta K., Hirano S. Hydrothermal growth and dissolution behaviour of calcite single crystal in nitrate solutions J. Crystal Growth. 1990, vol. 99, pp. 895-899.

23. Kinloch D.R., Belt R.F., Puttbach R.C. Hydrothermal growth of calcite in large autoclaves. J. Crystal Growth. 1974, vol. 24/25, pp. 610-613.

24. Klevtsov Yu.A. Working characteristics of birefringent fil-ter in telescope optical scheme. Issledovaniya po geomagnetizmu, aeronomii i fizike Solntsa [Res. on Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Phys.]. 1984, no. 69, pp. 183-189. (In Russian).

25. Kopp G.A., Derks M.J., Elmore D.F., Hassler D.M., Woods J.C., Streete J.L., Blankner J.G. Tunable liquid-crystal filter for solar imaging at the HeI 1083 nm line. Applied Optics. 1997, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 291-296. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.36.000291.

26. Kristjánsson L. Iceland Spar and its Influence on the Development of Science and Technology in the Period 1780-1930: Notes and References. Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland. 2015, 321p.

27. Kushtal G.I., Skomorovsky V.I. The two-bandpass tunable birefringent filter (BF) for the HeI 10830 Å and Hα lines. Opticheskii zhurnal [J. Optical Technology]. 2000, vol. 67, iss. 6, pp. 99-106. (In Russian).

28. Kushtal G.I., Skomorovsky V.I. Advancements in the geometrical measurements of the birefringent filter's crystal plates and two-dimensional measurements of Doppler velocity in the solar atmosphere. Proc. SPIE. 2002, vol. 4900, pp. 504-512.

29. Land E.H. Light polarizer and process of manufacturing the same Patent US 2,237,567. Publ. 08.04.1941

30. Land E.H. Optical Interference Sight for Gun, Cameras or Like. Patent US 2420252. Publ. 23.03.1945.

31. Lopteva L.S., Kushtal G.I., Proshin V.A.Skomorovsky V.I. Trifonov V.D., KhimichV.D. Chuprakov S.A., Firstov S.V. Chromospheric telescopes of the Baikal Astrophysical Observatory. New Light. Izvestiya GAO. [Trans. Main Astron. Observatory]. 2018, no. 226, pp. 35-45. (In Russian).

32. Lyot B. Un monochromateur à grand champ utilisant les interferences en lumiere polaire [A wide field birefringent filter] Académie des Sciences, Paris, Comptes Rendus.1933, vol. 197 (25), pp. 1593-1595.

33. Lyot, B: The birefringent filter and its applications in solar physics. Ann. Astrophys. 1944, vol. 7, pp. 31-79.

34. Lyutin V.I., Dronov V.V., Borodin V.L., Khadzhi V.E. Hydrothermal growth and morphology of calcite single crystals Proc. the Sixth International Conference on Crystal Growth. Moscow, 1980, vol. 4, pp. 169-170.

35. Nefedova I.V. Modeling the habit of single crystals of optical calcite using various impurities of hydrothermal solutions Sistemnye technologii [System Technologies]. 2016, no. 21, pp. 40-44. (In Russian).

36. Ohman Y. A new monochromator. Nature. 1938, vol. 141 (3560), pp. 157-158.

37. Orrell L. Mining calcite crystals during World War II. Mining History J. 1995, pp. 47-72.

38. Pettit E. The interference polarising monochromator. Publ. ASP. 1941, vol. 53, p. 171.

39. Pogodin Yu.V., Dronov V.V. Growth of optical calcite from seeds with various orientations Growth of Crystals. 1972 (1969). vol. 9. Edited by N.N. Sheftal and E.I. Givargizov. Institute of Crystallography Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. Translated by J. E. S. Bradley. pp. 55-61.

40. Schou J., Scherrer P., Bush R., Wachter R., Couvidat S., Rabello-Soares M., et al. Design and ground calibration of the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) instrument on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). Solar Phys. 2012, vol. 275, pp. 229-259. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-011-9842-2.

41. Serykh N.M., Frolov A.A. From the history of the industry in the areas of work piezooptic, quartz stone and semi-precious materials. Razvedka i okhrana nedr [Exploration and Conservation of Mineral Resources]. 2007, no. 10, pp. 2-9. (In Russian).

42. Severnyy A.B., Gil’varg A.B. The birefringent filter for solar research and experience of its application. Izvestiya KrAO [Trans. Crimean Astrophysical Observatory]. 1949, vol. 4, pp. 3-22. (In Russian).

43. Siedentopf H., Wempe J. Über interferenzfilter und ihre astronomische anwendung. Astronomische Nachrichten. 1940, vol. 270, p. 276. (In German).

44. Shustov A.V., Stozharov A.I., Doladugina V.S. Sposob obrabotki estestvennykh kristallov islandskogo shpata [Method for Processing Natural Crystals of Icelandic Spar]. Patent no. 281241, 1970. (In Russian).

45. Skomorovsky V.I., Ioffe S.B. Monochromatic filters for solar observations. Issledovaniya po geomagnetizmu, aeronomii i fizike Solntsa [Research on Geomagnetism, Aeronomy and Solar Physics]. 1980, iss. 52, pp.128-149. (In Russian).

46. Skomorovsky V.I., Kushtal G.I., Sadokhin V.P. Wide-field Solc-type biréfringent filter. Proc. SPIE. 2012, vol. 8446, id. 84466V-84466V-12.

47. Skomorovsky V.I., Proshin V.A., Kushtal G.I. VESomaya optics of ISTP. Trudy Vserossiyskoy konferentsii po solnechnozemnoy fizike, posvyashchennuyu 100-letiyu chlen-korr. RAN V.E. Stepanova [Proc. of the National Conference on Solar-Terrestrial Physics Devoted to the Hundredth Anniversary of Corresponding Member of RAS V.E. Stepanov]. Irkutsk, 2013, pp. 277-285.

48. Skomorovsky V.I., Kushtal G.I., Lopteva L.S., ProshinV.A., Trifonov V.D., Chuprakov S.A., Khimich V.A.. Chromospheric telescope of the Baikal Astrophysical Observatory. New light. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2016, vol. 2, no 2, pp. 82-103. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12737/17376.

49. Skropyshev A.V., Kukuy A.L. Islandskiy shpat [Iceland Spar]. Leningrad, Nedra Publ., 1973, 192 p. (In Russian).

50. Steel W., Smartt R., Giovanelli R. A 1/8 Å birefringent filter for solar research. Australian J. Phys.1961, vol. 14, pp. 201-211.

51. Sütterlin P, Rutten R.J, Skomorovsky V.I. BaII 4554 Å speckle imaging as solar Doppler diagnostic. Astron. Astrophys. 2001, vol. 378, pp. 251-256.

52. Title A. The Lockheed alternative partial polarizer universal filter. Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory 3251 Hanover Street Palo Alto, California 94304. March. 1976. Final Rep.

53. Title A., Rosenberg W. Research on spectroscopic imaging. Vol. 1: Technical Discussion. 1979. Lockheed Missiles and Space Co. Inc., p. B-28.

54. Tomczyk S., Mathew S., Gallagher D. Development of a tunable filter for coronal polarimetry.J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2016, vol. 121, iss. 7, pp. 6184-6195.

55. Ueno S., Nagata S., Kitai R., Kurokawa H. Features of Solar Telescopes at the Hida Observatory and the Possibilities of Coordinated Observations with Solar B. ASP Conf. Ser. The Solar-B Mission and the Forefront of Solar Physics. 2004, vol. 325, pp. 319-324.

56. Vinogradova T.A., Kuznetsov B.V. Birefringent filter IPF-6. Optiko-mekhanicheskaya promyshlennost’ [Optical-Mechanical Industry]. 1986, no. 4, pp. 28-30. (In Russian).

57. Vinogradova T.A., Ioffe B.B., Kuznetsov B.V. Optical birefringent filters. Trudy GOI [Vavilov State Optical Institute, Proc.].1989, vol. 72, iss. 206, 162 p. (In Russian).

58. Zhang Hong-Oi, Hongqi Zhang, Dongguang Wang, Yuan-yong Deng, Ke-liang Hu, Su J., Jiaben Lin, et al. Solar Magnetism and the Activity Telescope at HSOS. Chin. J. Astron. Astrophys. 2007, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 281-288.

59. 90 Jahre im Dienste der Optik. Bernhard Halle Nachf. Berlin-Steglitz. Dionysos-Verlag Publ. 1963.85 p. (In German).

60. URL: http://forum.web.ru/viewtopic.php?f=24&t=4544&start =0&sid=f100c7021833f2267b7fd7df58057b2326 (accessed April 28, 2019).

61. URL: http://crystaltechno.com (accessed March 20, 2020).

62. URL: http://ckp-rf.ru/usu/200615 (accessed March 20, 2020).

Login or Create
* Forgot password?