This paper opens a new heading of our magazine "Complex Project Management" which is devoted to forming direction of project management. In the paper the complex project management’s actual problems connected with methodological basis development and formalization of knowledge and experience accumulated in this area are considered. The author discovers and specifies a concept of "complexity", defines historical prerequisites of new direction emergence, reveals factors influencing projects’ complexity degree, presents complexity elements classification in projects and sets the further purposes for research continuation in this area.
complexity, project management, chaos theory, complex project management, project manager’s competence, complex project management standards, complicated system management.
В современном мире управления проектами сформировалось отдельное направление, которое ставит своей целью исследовать феномен комплексности и ее влияния на объекты управления, такие как проекты, программы, портфели проектов и программ. Существующие подходы и методологии [2–4, 7, 8, 17, 36, 44, 48], которыми пользуются профессионалы в разных странах мира, сегодня позволяют планировать, отслеживать, анализировать выполнение работ по проекту, осуществлять корректировку и принимать решения для осуществления задуманной изначально идеи и претворения замысла в жизнь. Вместе с тем количество неуспешных проектов, реализованных со значительным опозданием по срокам, превышением бюджета, недостижением желаемой цели и (или) требуемого качества, остается, по оценкам разных экспертов, большим — до 40–60% [43, 58]. По мнению экспертов американского Института управления проектами (Project Management Institute — PMI), невосполнимые потери организаций по причине низкого качества управления проектами составляют на каждый миллиард долларов США 109 млн долл. США [49].
Неудача является «следствием того, что мы чего-то не знаем или не учли» [18]. Проблема заключается в том, что применяемые методы и средства управления проектами необходимы, но недостаточны. Задача повышения эффективности управления объектами проектной деятельности и увеличения количества успешно реализуемых проектов актуальна для организаций и требует поиска новых подходов, разработки методов и инструментов, позволяющих эту задачу решить.
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