Moscow, Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
GRNTI 76.03 Медико-биологические дисциплины
GRNTI 76.33 Гигиена и эпидемиология
OKSO 14.04.02 Ядерные физика и технологии
OKSO 31.06.2001 Клиническая медицина
OKSO 31.08.08 Радиология
OKSO 32.08.12 Эпидемиология
BBK 51 Социальная гигиена и организация здравоохранения. Гигиена. Эпидемиология
BBK 534 Общая диагностика
TBK 5708 Гигиена и санитария. Эпидемиология. Медицинская экология
TBK 5712 Медицинская биология. Гистология
TBK 5734 Медицинская радиология и рентгенология
TBK 6212 Радиоактивные элементы и изотопы. Радиохимия
Purpose: To study radiation and health physics situation in the vicinity of the shipyards “The 10th Shipyard, a Holder of Order of the Red Banner of Labor” (JSC “10 SRZ”) and “The Nerpa Shipyard” – a branch of the JSC “The Shipyard Center “Zvezdochka” (SRZ “Nerpa”) after the completion of the main stage of nuclear submarine dismantling and to assess potential effect of on-going activities to the environment and population. Material and methods: The following methods were used in radiation survey: pedestrian gamma survey of the site using portable gamma spectrometry complexes, gamma spectrometry and radiochemistry methods to determine the activity of manmade radionuclides in samples of environmental media. Results: Radiation and health physics studies were carried out from 2013 till 2017. It was shown that gamma dose rate within the health protection zones and supervision areas (SA) of the shipyards including the territories of the nearest cities – Snezhnogorsk and Polyarnyi – was at the level of regional values and did not exceed 0.14 µSv/h. The activities of radionuclides in soil from the surveyed sites did not exceed 23 Bq/kg for 90Sr and 100 Bq/kg for 137Cs. Concentrations of 90Sr and 137Cs in plants (mosses) at the surveyed sites did not exceed 70 and 48 Bq/kg, respectively, this is a bit higher than the background levels of the reference village of Belokamenka (1 and 20 Bq/kg, respectively, for 90Sr and 137Cs). The activity of seawater (Barents Sea) in 2016–2018 reached 60 mBq/l for 90Sr and 4 mBq/l for 137Cs, at mean values from 2 to 4 mBq/l over the period between 1990 and 2000 for the studied radionuclides. Data for 137Cs and 90Sr measured in samples of local wild plants, in particular, mushrooms, did not exceed 100 Bq/kg, this is much lower than the established permissible specific activities. Conclusion: Considerable impact of the work on the dismantling of nuclear submarines, maintenance ships and ships with a nuclear energy installation on the radiation situation in the areas of shipyards and health effects in the population of Snezhnogorsk and Polyarnyi was not revealed. However, along the external border of the surveyed shipyards some local parts of the sites of 5500 m2 area were found, where the specific activities of 90Sr and 137Cs in soil exceeded background levels and bordered by the level of permissible specific activity for unlimited use of solid materials (137Cs – 100 Bq/kg).
nuclear submarines, decommissioning, dismantlement, radiation survey, floating technical base Lepse, Kola Peninsula, strontium-90, cesium-137
Введение
В настоящее время в России реализуется федеральная целевая программа (ФЦП) «Промышленная утилизация вооружения и военной техники ядерного комплекса на 2011–2015 годы и на период до 2020 года». Одной из задач проводимой ФЦП является обеспечение медико-санитарной и экологической безопасности при проведении работ по утилизации вооружения и военной техники [1]. Настоящая работа посвящена исследованию радиационно-гигиенической обстановки в районах расположения судоремонтных предприятий, осуществляющих утилизацию выведенных из эксплуатации надводных и подводных кораблей с ядерной энергетической установкой (ЯЭУ) и судов атомного технического обслуживания (АТО).
1. Information about the Federal target program “Industrial utilization of weapons and military equipment for 2011-2015 and for the period up to 2020”. Official website of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.[cited 2018 Nov 23]/ Available from: http://stat.mil.ru/pubart.htm?id=11845577@cmsArticle
2. Identification of the potential hazard category of a radiation facility. Guidelines 2.6.1.2005-05. 2005. (Russian).
3. Water. General requirements for sampling. GOST 31861-2012.2013.31. (Russian).
4. Nature protection. Soils. General requirements for sampling. GOST 17.4.3.01-83. 2004. 3. (Russian).
5. Nature protection. Soils. Methods for sampling and preparation of soil for chemical, bacteriological, helmintological analysis. GOST17.4.4.02-84. 2008. 7. (Russian).
6. Soil quality - Sampling - Part 5: Guidance on the procedure for the investigation of urban and industrial sites with regard to soil contamination (MOD). ISO 10381-5:2005. 2009. 27. (Russian).
7. Foodstuffs. Sampling methods for stroncium Sr-90 and cesium Cs-137 determination. GOST 32164-2013. 2013. 15. (Russian).
8. Radiation control. Strontium-90 and Cesium-137. Foodstuffs. Sampling, analysis and hygienic evaluation. MUK 2.6.1.1194-03. 2003. 30. (Russian).
9. STC RADEC. Methodic for measuring the activity of gamma-emitting radionuclides in counting samples using a gamma-spectrometric system LabSOCS. 2007. (Russian).
10. Strontium-90. Determination of activity in foodstuffs. MUK 4.3.2503-09. 2009. 32. (Russian).
11. Strontium-90. Determination of Yttrium-90 activity in soilmonoisooctylester of methylphosphonic acid. MUK 2.6.1.033 -2003. 2003. (Russian).
12. Federal Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor. Conducting a complex expeditionary radiation-hygienic survey of the settlement to assess the population exposure doses. MR 2.6.1.0006-10. 2011. 40. (Russian).
13. Research and Production Association «Typhoon». Radiation situation on the territory of Russia and neighboring countries in 2017. Annual. 2018. 360. (Russian).
14. Federal Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor. Basic Sanitary Rules for Radiation Safety (OSPORB-99/2010). Sanitary rules and regulations. 2010. 83. (Russian).
15. Velichkin VI, Kuzmenkova NV, Kosheleva NE, Miroshnikov AY, Asadulin EE, Vorobyova TA. Assessment of the ecological and geochemical state of soils in the north-west of the Kola Peninsula. Geology. Engineering geology. Hydrogeology. Geocryology. 2015;(1):41-50. (Russian).
16. Shandala NK, Kiselev SM, Titov AV, Simakov AV, Kryuchkov VP, et al. Radiation safety during remediation of the SevRAO facilities. Hygieneand Sanitation. 2015;94(5):10-6. (Russian).
17. SR 2.3.2.2650-10. Amendments and changes N 18 to sanitary-epidemiological rules and regulations SR 2.3.2.1078-01 Hygienic requirements for safety and nutritional value of foodstuffs. 2010. (Russian).
18. Sivintsev YV, Vakulovsky SM, Vasilyev AP, et al. Artificial radionuclides in the seas washing Russia: Radioecological consequences of the disposal of radioactive waste in the Arctic and Far Eastern seas (White Book 2000). 2005. 624. (Russian).
19. Federal Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology of the Rospotrebnadzor. Radiation Safety Standards (NRB-99/2009): Sanitary-epidemiological rules and regulations. 2009. 100. (Russian).
