Irkutsk, Russian Federation
Irkutsk, Russian Federation
Irkutsk, Russian Federation
Irkutsk, Russian Federation
In this paper, we describe a method for calculating low-frequency zonal-mean zonal wind variations, which we call torsional oscillations. We compare the torsional oscillations calculated from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis I, MERRA-2, ECWMF ERA-40, and ERA-Interim projects, using different methods of processing the original data. We estimate the degree of consistency of torsional oscillations, obtained from different reanalysis projects, and discuss the use of torsional oscillations to study circulation processes in the atmosphere.
general atmospheric circulation, torsional oscillations, troposphere, stratosphere, sudden stratospheric warming
1. Barnston A.G., Livezey R.E. Classification, seasonality, and persistence of low-frequency atmospheric circulation patterns. Mon. Wea. Rev. 1987, vol. 115, pp. 1083-1126. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<1083:CSAPOL>2.0.CO;2.
2. Blackmon M.L., Wallace J.M., Lau N., Mullen S.L. An observational study of the Northern Hemisphere wintertime circulation. J. Atmos. Sci. 1977, vol. 34, pp. 1040-1053. DOI: 10.1175/ 1520-0469(1977)034<1040:AOSOTN>2.0.CO;2.
3. Blackmon M.L., Wallace J.M., Lee Y.-H. Horizontal structure of 500-mb height fluctuations with short, medium and long time scales. J. Atmos. Sci. 1984a, vol. 41, pp. 961-979. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1984)041<0961:HSOMHF>2.0.CO;2.
4. Blackmon M.L., Wallace J.M., Lee Y.-H., Hsu H.-H. Time variation of 500-mb height fluctuations with short, medium and long time scales. J. Atmos. Sci. 1984b, vol. 41, pp. 981-991. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1984)041<0981:TVOMHF>2.0.CO;2.
5. Branstator G. The maintenance of low-frequency atmospheric anomalies. J. Atmos. Sci. 1992, vol. 49, pp. 1924-1945. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1992)049<1924:TMOLFA>2.0.CO;2.
6. Dee D.P., Uppala S.M., Simmons A.J., Berrisford P., Poli P., Kobayashi S., Andrae U., Balmaseda M.A., Balsamo G., Bauer P., Bechtold P., Beljaars A.C.M., van de Berg L., Bidlot J., Bormann N., Delsol C., Dragani R., Fuentes M., Geer A.J., Haimberger L., Healy S.B., Hersbach H., V. Hólm E., Isaksen L., Kållberg P., Köhler M., Matricardi M., McNally A.P., Monge-Sanz B.M., Morcrette J.J., Park B.K., Peubey C., de Rosnay P., Tavolato C., Thépaut J.-N., Vitart F. The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2011, vol. 137, pp. 553-597. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.828.
7. Egger J., Weickmann K.M. Latitude-height structure of the atmospheric angular momentum cycle associated with the Madden-Julian oscillation. Mon. Weather Rev. 2007, vol. 135, no. 4, pp. 1564-1575. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1175/MWR3363.1.
8. Egger J., Weickmann K.M., Hoinka K.-P. Angular momentum in the global atmospheric circulation. Rev. Geophys. 2007, vol. 45. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2006RG000213.
9. Feldstein S.B. An observational study of the intraseasonal poleward propagation of zonal mean flow anomalies. J. Atmos. Sci. 1998, vol. 55, pp. 2516-2529. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<2516:AOSOTI>2.0.CO;2.
10. Kalnay E., Kanamitsu M., Kistler R., Collins W., Deaven D., Gandin L., Iredell M., Saha S., White G., Woollen J., Zhu Y., Chelliah M., Ebisuzaki W., Higgins W., Janowiak J., Mo K.C., Ropelewski C., Wang J., Leetmaa A., Reynolds R., Roy J., Dennis J. The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 1996, vol. 77, pp. 437-470. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437: TNYRP>2.0.CO;2.
11. Kochetkova O.S., Mordvinov V.I., Rudneva M.A. Analysis of factors affecting the origination of stratospheric warmings. Optika atmosfery i okeana [Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics]. 2014, vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 719-727. (In Russian).
12. Korn G., Korn T. Mathematical Handbook for Scientific Workers and Engineers. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1984. 831 p. (In Russian).
13. Lee S., Son S-W., Grise K., Feldstein S.B. A mechanism for the poleward propagation of zonal mean flow anomalies. J. Atmos. Sci. 2007, vol. 64, pp. 849-869. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS3861.1.
14. Lejenäs H., Madden R.A. Mountain torques caused by normal-mode global Rossby waves, and the impact on atmospheric angular momentum. J. Atmos. Sci. 2000, vol. 57, pp. 1045-1051. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<1045:MTCBNM>2.0.CO;2.
15. Madden R.A. Large-scale, free Rossby waves in the atmosphere - an update. Tellus. Series A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography. 2007, vol. 59, iss. 5, pp. 571-590. DOI: 10.1111/ j.1600-0870.2007.00257.x.
16. Mordvinov V.I., Ivanova A.S., Devyatova E.V. Excitation of Arctic and Antarctic Oscillations by torsional vibrations. Solnechno-zemnaya fizika [Solar-Terr. Phys.]. 2009a, iss. 13, pp. 55-65. (In Russian).
17. Mordvinov V.I., Ivanova A.S., Devyatova E.V. Excitation of Arctic Oscillation by torsional vibrations. Optika atmosfery i okeana [Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics]. 2009b, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 1-8. (In Russian).
18. Namias J. Teleconnections of 700 mb height anomalies for the Northern Hemisphere. CALCOFI. 1981, no. 29, 265 p.
19. Perevedentsev Yu.P. Tsirkulyatsionnye i energeticheskie protsessy v srednei atmosphere [Circulation and energy processes in the middle atmosphere]. Kazan, KSU Publ., 1984, 167 p. (In Russian).
20. Rienecker M.M., Suarez M.J., Gelaro R., Todling R., Bacmeister J., Liu E., Bosilovich M.G., Schubert S.D., Takacs L., Kim G.-K., Bloom S., Chen J., Collins D., Conaty A., da Silva A., Gu W., Joiner J., Koster R.D., Lucchesi R., Molod A., Owens T., Pawson S., Pegion P., Redder C.R., Reichle R., Robertson F.R., Ruddick A.G., Sienkiewicz M., Woollen J. MERRA: NASA’s Modern-ERA Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications. J. Climate. 2011, vol. 24, pp. 3624-3648. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00015.1.
21. Roger G.B., Chorley R.J. Atmosphere, Weather and Climate. Eighth edition by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane. London EC4P 4EE. 2003, 421p.
22. Rozhkov V.A. Theory and Methods for Statistical Estimation of probabilistic characteristics of random variables and functions with hydrometeorological examples. Saint Petersburg, Gidrometeoizdat, 2002. 779 p. (In Russian).
23. Simmons A.J., Wallace J.M., Branstator G.W. Barotropic wave propagation and instability, and atmospheric teleconnection patterns. J. Atmos. Sci. 1983, vol. 40, no. 6, pp. 1363-1392. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1983)040<1363:BWPAIA>2.0.CO;2.
24. Thompson D.W.J., Wallace J.M. Annular modes in the extratropical circulation, Part I: Month-to-month variability. J. Climate. 2000, vol. 13, pp. 1000-1016. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<1000:AMITEC>2.0.CO;2.
25. Tung K.K., Lindzen R.S. Theory of stationary long waves. Part I: Simple theory of blocking. Mon. Wea. Rev. 1979, vol. 107, pp. 714-734. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1979) 107<0714:ATOSLW>2.0.CO;2.
26. Uppala S.M., Kållberg P.W., Simmons A.J., Andrae U., da Costa Bechtold V., Fiorino M., Gibson J.K., J. Haseler, Hernandez A., Kelly G.A., Li X., Onogi K., Saarinen S., Sokka N., Allan R.P., Andersson E., Arpe K., Balmaseda M.A., Beljaars A.C.M., van de Berg L., Bidlot J., Bormann N., Caires S., Chevallier F., Dethof A., Dragosavac M., Fisher M., Fuentes M., Hagemann S., Hólm E., Hoskins B.J., Isaksen L., Janssen P.A.E.M., Jenne R., Mcnally A.P., Mahfouf J.-F., Morcrette J.-J., Rayner N.A., Saunders R.W., Simon P., Sterl A., Trenberth K.E., Untch A., Vasiljevic D., Viterbo P., Woollen J. The ERA-40 re-analysis. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2005, vol. 131, iss. 612, pp. 2961-3012. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1256/qj.04.176.
27. Wallace J.M., Blackmon M.L. The observable low-frequency variability of the atmosphere. Large-scale dynamic processes in the atmosphere. Moscow, Mir, 1988, pp. 66-109. (In Russian). English edition: Wallace J.M., Blackmon M.L. Observation of low-frequency atmospheric variability. Large-Scale Dynamical Processes in the Atmosphere. Academic Press, 1983, pp. 55-94.