90-YEAR ANNIVERSARY OF MITKHT’S ENGINEERING GRAPHICS CHAIR
Abstract and keywords
Abstract (English):
In May 2018 the Engineering Graphics Chair celebrates 90 years from the date of its foundation. The Chair was organized in 1928. The paper tells the Chair’s history, its teachers and heads, as well as a brief description of its scientific work. In 1900 were established the Moscow Higher Feminine Courses (MHFCs). A year after the October revolution, in late 1918, MHFCs were transformed into the 2nd Moscow state University. In 1930 the 2nd MSU was reorganized into three independent institutes: medical, chemical-technological and pedagogical ones. In May 1928 was organized the Chair of Technical Drawing, this moment is the counting of Engineering Graphics Chair existence. The first head of the Chair was S.G. Borisov. Than the Chair was supervised by Associate Professor A.A. Sintsov (from September 1932 till January 1942), Associate Professor M.Ya. Khanyutin (in 1942–1952), Associate Professor N.I. Noskov (in 1954–1962), Associate Professor F.T. Karpechenko (in 1962–1972), Senior Lecturer N.A. Sevruk (in 1972–1982), Professor, Doctor of Engineering E.K. Voloshin-Chelpan (from January 1982 to August 2007), Associate Professor V.I. Vyshnepolsky (from August 2007 till present). Currently, on the Chair are carrying out researches in the following directions: Higher School’s Pedagogy; Academic Competitions of Regional and All-Russia’s Level; Loci; Geometry of Cyclic Surfaces; Theory of Kinetic Geometry; Geometries; Geometric Transformations; Theory of Fractals; Famous Geometers’ Biographies.

Keywords:
anniversary, descriptive geometry, engineering graphics, MITKhT, Moscow Technological University, MIREA — Russian Technological University.
Text

История кафедры «Инженерная графика» МИТХТ имени М.В. Ломоносова Московские высшие женские курсы (МВЖК) были учреждены 1 июля 1900 г. 16 октября 1918 г. (через год после Октябрьской революции) коллегия Народного комиссариата по кросвещению постановила «преобразовать Высшие женские курсы во II Московский государственный университет, сделав его смешанным учебным заведением, но не считая его вновь создаваемым Высш. учебн. заведением» [2, с. 5]. Как писал проф. М.И. Прозин (1878–1963), «подчеркивалось, что речь идет не о коренной реорганизации, а лишь о превращении исключительно женского ВУЗа в ВУЗ совместного обучения» [52, с. 29]. В состав II МГУ входил химико-фармацевтический факультет — будущий МИТХТ. 18 апреля 1930 г. приказом по наркомпросу II МГУ был реорганизован в три самостоятельных института: медицинский, химико-технологический и педагогический [2, с. 7]. Директором химико-технологического института назначается Климов — инициалы указаны не были. Кто такой Климов и почему его назначили директором, если в создаваемом институте работали такие выдающиеся ученые, как профессора А.Н. Беркенгейм (1867–1938) (родственник К. Маркса), Б.К. Млодзиевский (1858–1923), С.С. Наметкин (1876–1950) (будущий академик АН СССР), М.И. Прозин, А.Н. Реформатский (1864–1937) (будущий член-корреспондент АН СССР) и др.? Климов — аспирант, был директором МИТХТ до самого конца 1930 г. Можно только предполагать, что он был назначен по партийной линии. Сменил его на этом посту в 1931 г. молодой коммунист С.Я. Плоткин (1906–2000). Некоторое представление о состоянии высшего образования в СССР дает табл. 1 [45, с. 6–7], в которой даются сведения о количестве вузов и студентов в России и СССР в начале XX в. В 1930–1931 учебном году число вузов в СССР резко возросло — почти в четыре (3,76) раза, число студентов увеличилось менее значительно — в 1,63 раза. Такой резкий рост числа вузов привел к очень значительному (в 2,3 раза — до 500 человек) уменьшению среднего контингента студентов в вузе. Рост числа вузов создавал возможность увеличения выпуска специалистов. В связи с курсом на индустриализацию особенно не хватало инженерных кадров. По количеству студентов будущий МИТХТ был средним вузом — в 1929 г. на химико-фармацевтическом факультете II МГУ обучалось 1100 студентов [1, с. 6]. Но особенно выделялся по квалификации профессорско-преподавательского состава и традициям преподавания. Из 119 преподавателей, работавших в МИТХТ в декабре 1930 г., профессоров было 14 (12%), в том числе С.С. Наметкин, А.Н. Реформатский, А.Б. Млодзиевский (1883–1959), Б.К. Млодзиевский, М.И. Прозин, А.Н. Беркенгейм, Б.Н. Рутовский (1890–1954), И.Я. Башилов (1892–1953), К.И. Висконт (1868–1942), О.Н. Цубербиллер (1885–1975) и др. Причем основы преподавания химии были заложены академиком Н.Д. Зелинским, который работал в вузе с 1900 по 1913 гг. В вузе работали два ученых даже не российского, а мирового уровня — академики Н.Д. Зелинский и С.С. Наметкин. Кроме того, в МИТХТ работали будущие академики АН СССР: профессор Я.К. Сыркин (1894–1974) (зав. кафедрой физической химии с 01.08.1931 [2, л. 191]) и ассистент И.П. Алимарин (1903–1989). Все профессора возглавляли кафедры или лаборатории. 31 мая 1928 г. состоялось заседание «Учебного совета химико-фармац. ф-та» [89, л. 11], протокол № 77, на котором, помимо чествования декана факультета проф. А.Н. Реформатского «по поводу исполнившегося сорокалетия научной, педагогической и общественной деятельности» и других дел, слушался вопрос «Об объявлении конкурса по практич. курсу «черчение» [89 л. 11, об]. Постановили: «Просить Правление объявить конкурс по указанным курсам. В проекте штатов утвержденным ГПФ по первому курсу предложена доцентура, по второму ассистентура» [89 л. 11, об]. С этого момента и идет отсчет существования кафедры «Инженерная графика». В это время факультет стал готовить химиков-технологов для работы на химических заводах и перестраивал учебные планы: вместо дисциплин, необходимых исключительно для фармацевтов, вводились инженерные дисциплины, и черчение было первой их них.

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58. Sal'kov N.A. Kurs nachertatel'noy geometrii Gaspara Monzha [Course of Descriptive Geometry Gaspar Monge]. Geometriya i grafika [Geometry and graphics]. Moscow, 2013, V. 1, I. 3-4, pp. 52-56. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12737/2135. (in Russian)

59. Sal'kov N.A. Mesto nachertatel'noy geometrii v sisteme geometricheskogo obrazovaniya tekhnicheskikh vuzov [Place descriptive geometry in the system of geometric education of technical universities]. Geometriya i grafika [Geometry and graphics]. 2016, V. 4, I. 3, pp. 53-61. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12737/21534. (in Russian)

60. Sal'kov N.A. Nachertatel'naya geometriya - baza dlya geometrii analiticheskoy [Descriptive geometry is the basis for analytical geometry]. Geometriya i grafika [Geometry and graphics]. 2016, V. 4, I. 1, pp. 44-54. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12737/18057. (in Russian)

61. Sal'kov N.A. Nachertatel'naya geometriya - baza dlya komp'yuternoy grafiki [Descriptive geometry - base for computer graphics]. Geometriya i grafika [Geometry and graphics]. 2016, V. 4, I. 2, pp. 37-47. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12737/19832. (in Russian)

62. Sal'kov N.A. Nachertatel'naya geometriya: bazovyy kurs [Descriptive geometry: basic course]. Moscow, INFRA-M Publ., 2013. 174 p. (in Russian)

63. Sal'kov N.A. Nachertatel'naya geometriya - teoriya izobrazheniy [Descriptive Geometry - Image Theory]. Geometriya i grafika [Geometry and graphics]. 2016, V. 4, I. 4, pp. 41-47. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12737/22842. (in Russian)

64. Sal'kov N.A. O vozrastayushchey roli geometrii [On the increasing role of geometry]. Zhurnal estestvennonauchnykh issledovaniy [Journal of Natural Sciences]. 2017, V. 2, I. 2, pp. 53-61. Available at: https://naukaru.ru/ru/nauka/journal/66/view. (in Russian)

65. Sal'kov N.A. Parametricheskaya geometriya v geometricheskom modelirovanii [Parametric geometry in geometric modeling]. Geometriya i grafika [Geometry and graphics]. 2014, V. 2, I. 3, pp. 7-13. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12737/6519. (in Russian)

66. Sal'kov N.A. Formirovanie poverkhnostey pri kineticheskom otobrazhenii [Formation of surfaces under kinetic mapping]. Geometriya i grafika [Geometry and graphics]. 2018, V. 6, I. 1, pp. 20-33. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12737/article_5ad094a0380725.32164760. (in Russian)

67. Sal'kov N.A. Formirovanie tsiklicheskikh poverkhnostey v kineticheskoy geometrii [Formation of cyclic surfaces in kinetic geometry]. Geometriya i grafika [Geometry and graphics]. 2017, V. 5, I. 4, pp. 24-36. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12737/article_5a17fbe3680f52.30844454. (in Russian)

68. Seregin V.I. Mezhdistsiplinarnye svyazi nachertatel'noy geometrii i smezhnykh razdelov vysshey matematiki [Interdisciplinary connections of descriptive geometry and related sections of higher mathematics]. Geometriya i grafika [Geometry and graphics]. 2013, V. 1, I. 3-4, pp. 8-12. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12737/2124. (in Russian)

69. Stolbova I.D. Kachestvo graficheskoy podgotovki studentov tekhnicheskikh VUZov v sootvetstvii s sovremennym sostoyaniem edinoy sistemy konstruktorskoy dokumentatsii [The quality of graphic preparation of students of technical universities in accordance with the current state of a unified system of design documentation]. Geometriya i grafika [Geometry and graphics]. 2014, V. 2, I. 2, pp. 27-31. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12737/5587. (in Russian)

70. Tikhonov-Bugrov D.E. O nekotorykh problemakh graficheskoy podgotovki v tekhnicheskikh VUZakh (vzglyad iz Peterburga) [On some problems of graphic training in technical universities (view from St. Petersburg)]. Geometriya i grafika [Geometry and graphics]. 2014, V. 2, I. 1, pp. 46-52. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12737/3848. (in Russian)

71. Usanova E.V. Kompleksnoe primenenie media-tekhnologiy i CAD-sistem v geometro-graficheskoy podgotovke studentov [Complex application of media technologies and CAD-systems in the students' geometrical-graphic preparation]. Geometriya i grafika [Geometry and graphics]. 2013, V. 1, I. 1, pp. 63-67. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12737/478. (in Russian)

72. Fokina N.I. Poisk effektivnoy metodicheskoy sistemy obucheniya studentov komp'yuternoy grafike [Search for an effective methodical system for teaching students computer graphics]. Geometriya i grafika [Geometry and graphics]. 2013, V. 1, I. 1, pp. 68-69. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12737/480. (in Russian)

73. Kheyfets A.L., Vasil'eva V.N. Kurs komp'yuternoy grafiki dlya studentov stroitel'nykh spetsial'nostey [A course of computer graphics for students of construction specialties]. Geometriya i grafika [Geometry and graphics]. 2015, V. 3, I. 1, pp. 31-39. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12737/10456. (in Russian)

74. Tsentral'nyy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv g. Moskvy, fond № 630, opis' 1, delo 805. Plan nauchno-metodicheskikh rabot kafedry na 1949 god [Central State Archive of Moscow, Fund No. 630, inventory 1, file 805. Plan of scientific and methodical works of the department for 1949]. (in Russian)

75. Tsentral'nyy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv fond g. Moskvy, № 630, opis' 1, delo 806. Protokoly zasedaniy kafedry za 1949-1950 uchebnyy god [Central State Archive of the Moscow Fund, No. 630, inventory 1, file 806. Minutes of meetings of the department for 1949-1950 academic year]. (in Russian)

76. Tsentral'nyy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv g. Moskvy, fond № 630, opis' 1, delo 807. Otchet o rabote kafedry za 1949-1950 uchebnyy god [Central State Archives of the City of Moscow, Fund No. 630, inventory 1, file 807. Report on the work of the department for 1949-1950 academic year]. (in Russian)

77. Tsentral'nyy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv g. Moskvy, fond № 630, opis' 1, delo 901. Plan raboty kafedry za 1949-1950 uchebnyy god i otchet po ego vypolneniyu [Central State Archives of the City of Moscow, Fund No. 630, inventory 1, Business 901. Work plan of the department for 1949-1950 academic year and a report on its implementation]. (in Russian)

78. Tsentral'nyy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv g. Moskvy, fond № 630, opis' 1, delo 902. Protokoly zasedaniy kafedry za 1950-1951 uchebnyy god [Central State Archives of Moscow, Fund No. 630, inventory 1, file 902. Minutes of meetings of the department for the 1950-1951 school year]. (in Russian)

79. Tsentral'nyy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv g. Moskvy, fond № 630, opis' 1 delo 987. Otchet o rabote kafedry za 1951-1952 uchebnyy god [Central State Archive of Moscow, Fund No. 630, inventory 1 case 987. Report on the work of the department for the 1951-1952 school year]. (in Russian)

80. Tsentral'nyy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv g. Moskvy, fond № 630, opis' 1 delo 988. Otchet o nauchno-metodicheskoy deyatel'nosti za pervoe polugodie 1951 goda [Central State Archive of Moscow, Fund No. 630, inventory 1 case 988. Report on scientific and methodological activities for the first half of 1951]. (in Russian)

81. Tsentral'nyy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv g. Moskvy, fond № 630, opis' 1 delo 1028. Protokoly zasedaniy kafedry za 1954-1955 uchebnyy god [Central State Archives of Moscow, Fund No. 630, inventory 1 case 1028. Minutes of meetings of the department for the 1954-1955 school year]. (in Russian)

82. Tsentral'nyy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv g. Moskvy, fond № 630, opis' 1 delo 1084. Plan raboty kafedry na vtoroy semestr i otchet o ego vypolnenii za 1952-1953 uchebnyy god [Central State Archive of Moscow, Fund No. 630, inventory 1 case 1084. Work plan of the department for the second semester and report on its implementation for the 1952-1953 school year]. (in Russian)

83. Tsentral'nyy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv g. Moskvy, fond № 630, opis' 1 delo 1085. Protokoly zasedaniy kafedry za 1952-1953 uchebnyy god [Central State Archive of Moscow, Fund No. 630, inventory 1 case 1085. Minutes of meetings of the department for the 1952-1953 school year]. (in Russian)

84. Tsentral'nyy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv g. Moskvy, fond № 630, opis' 1 delo 1086. Otchet o nauchno-metodicheskoy i nauchno-prepodavatel'skoy rabote kafedry za pervoe polugodie 1952-1953 uchebnogo goda [Central State Archives of Moscow, Fund No. 630, inventory 1 case 1086. Report on the scientific-methodical and scientific-teaching work of the department for the first half of 1952-1953 academic year]. (in Russian)

85. Tsentral'nyy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv g. Moskvy, fond № 630, opis' 1 delo 1164. Plan raboty kafedry i otchet po ego vypolneniyu za 1953-1954 uchebnyy god [Central State Archive of Moscow, Fund No. 630, inventory 1 case 1164. Work plan of the department and report on its implementation for the 1953-1954 school year]. (in Russian)

86. Tsentral'nyy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv g. Moskvy, fond № 630, opis' 1 delo 3486. Godovoy plan i otchet raboty kafedry za 1974-1975 uch. god [Central State Archive of Moscow, Fund No. 630, inventory 1 case 3486. Annual plan and report of the department for 1974-1975 academic year. year]. (in Russian)

87. Tsentral'nyy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv g. Moskvy, fond № 630, opis' 1 delo 3487. Protokoly zasedaniy kafedry za 1974-1975 uch. god [Central State Archive of Moscow, Fund No. 630, inventory 1 case 3487. Minutes of meetings of the department for 1974-1975 academic year. year]. (in Russian)

88. Tsentral'nyy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv g. Moskvy, fond № 630, opis' 1 delo 3595. Otchet i plan podgotovki i provedeniya institutskoy Olimpiady i uchastiya v gorodskikh olimpiadakh za 1975 god [Central State Archive of Moscow, Fund No. 630, inventory 1 case 3595. Report and plan for the preparation and holding of the Institute Olympics and participation in city Olympiads for 1975]. (in Russian)

89. Tsentral'nyy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv g. Moskvy, fond № 630, opis' 1 delo 3874. Protokoly zasedaniy kafedry za 1978-1979 uch. god [Central State Archives of Moscow, Fund No. 630, inventory 1 case 3874. Minutes of meetings of the department for 1978-1979 academic year. year]. (in Russian)

90. Tsentral'nyy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv g. Moskvy, fond № 714, opis' 1, delo 75. Protokoly zasedaniy uchebnogo soveta khimiko-farmatsevticheskogo fakul'teta za 1927-1928 uch. god [Central State Archives of the City of Moscow, Fund No. 714, inventory 1, file 75. Minutes of meetings of the educational council of the chemical and pharmaceutical faculty for 1927-1928 academic year. year]. (in Russian)

91. Tsentral'nyy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv g. Moskvy, fond № 714, opis' 1, delo 89. Otchet o rabote khimiko-farmatsevticheskogo fakul'teta za 1928-1929 uch. god [Central State Archives of the City of Moscow, Fund No. 714, inventory 1, file 89. Report on the work of the Chemical and Pharmaceutical Faculty for 1928-1929 academic year. year]. (in Russian)

92. Tsentral'nyy gosudarstvennyy arkhiv g. Moskvy, fond № 714, opis' 1, delo 90. Svedeniya o kolichestve shtatnykh dolzhnostey i uchebnykh chasov za 1928 god [Central State Archive of Moscow, Fund No. 714, inventory 1, file 90. Information on the number of established posts and academic hours for 1928]. (in Russian)

93. Shcheglova A.V. Primenenie komp'yuternykh tekhnologiy v protsesse izucheniya graficheskikh distsiplin [Application of computer technologies in the process of studying graphic disciplines]. Geometriya i grafika [Geometry and graphics]. 2013, V. 1, I. 1, pp. 73-74. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12737/482. (in Russian)

94. Yaroshevich O.V. Rezervy sovershenstvovaniya geometro-graficheskoy podgotovki sovremennogo inzhenera [Reserves for improving the geometric-graphic preparation of a modern engineer]. Geometriya i grafika [Geometry and graphics]. 2014, V. 2, I. 2, pp. 37-42. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12737/5590. (in Russian)

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