g. Kazan', Kazan, Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Grain farming is the basis of all agricultural production, the level of its development depends on the development of other sectors of agribusiness. The study of the status of grain production development level, identification of factors and justification of the main ways of grain production efficiency increasing is very important. Stability in grain production depends on the interconnected natural, biological, agronomic, environmental, economic and social factors. Definition of major change trends in productivity carries out by constructing dynamic series over a long period Annual yield valuation is a result of the influence of climatic conditions, as well as by the level of intensification of production, the state of the material and technical base. The average yield since 2005 is higher about 0.5 centner than till 2005. In 2015 grain yield was lower to 2.6 centners per 1 hectare, than the average for 2011-2014. On the basis of the study it can be noted that the optimal sown area in the Republic of Tatarstan is 6070 hectares per 1 agricultural organization, this level of the sown area of grain contributes to grain yield of 24.4 centners per 1 hetare, and the rate of costs’ payback at the level of 161.5%, the profitability level of 18.7%. According to Russian Statistical Service index the number of the population is 3868730 people. (2016). When one person daily consumes 150 grams grain products, as well as confectionery and similar products 40 grams daily, produced from crops, it is necessary to produce 2 566 778 tons of crops in order to feed this number of people. But it is also necessary to take care of the seeds, animal feed and insurance funds. Therefore, the problem of increasing the grain production sustainability and, on this basis, to increase its effectiveness is a top priority for all agricultural organizations and the country, as a whole.
sustainability, grain farming, productivity, increase of efficiency, optimal level of payback.
Зерновое хозяйство является основой всего сельскохозяйственного производства, от уровня его развития зависит развитие других отраслей АПК. Поэтому вопросам увеличения эффективности производства зерна придается особое значение.
Важное значение зерна определяется его назначением не только как одного из основных продуктов питания человека и источника кормов для животных, но и как ведущего товарного продукта. Спрос на зерновые имеет долгосрочную тенденцию роста.
Важнейшей задачей в нынешних условиях является устойчивое увеличение объемов производства зерна. Неустойчивость факторов внешней среды влияет на изменение объемов производства зерна.
Изучение состояния уровня развития производства зерна, определение факторов и обоснование основных направлений повышения эффективности производства зерна является очень актуальным.
Условия, материалы и методы исследований. При изучении устойчивости производства зерна необходимо использовать различные методы экономических исследований, которые позволяют сделать определенные выводы об устойчивости производства.
Оценка уровня устойчивости производства зерна должна проводиться системно с использованием как показателей устойчивости, так и показателей изменчивости уровня урожайности.
Устойчивость производства зерна зависит от взаимосвязанных между собой природных, биологических, агротехнических,
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