Макадамия является одним из наиболее перспективных экспортных продуктов Колумбии в связи высоким мировым спросом. Макадамия является генератором экономического роста и занятости. В статье рассматривается влияние этой культуры на рост ВВП в основных районах производства и создание рабочих мест. Исследование выполняется на основе статистических данных и первичной информации. На основе статистического анализа даются рекомендации по разработке стратегий, которые позволяют оптимизировать урожайность и создать более высокую добавленную стоимость производства.
макадамия, ВВП, занятость населения, рост, технология,транспортировка, статистический анализ.
INTRODUCTION
Within agricultural products with the greatest potential for growth in terms of cultivation and commercialization in the world is possible to find the macadamia, due it has little recognition in the market and great potential for using, according to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (2006). By analyzing information from different sources, it was fou nd the gap on Colombia’s output, which can have a considerable share in the GDP of regions where it is produced1, and in turn, to be an engine on income levels within its population, through the advances that can be generated in the labor market of those areas in Colombia.
To contextualize, macadamia nut comes from subtropical climates2, so it can only be grown in certain areas. According to Canet (1983), from macadamia’s tree stems the finest and most exquisite nut, due to its high nutritional content and for its manufacturing process. Given the above, there were settled some questions that will be turned later into recommendations aimed to the best use and development of macadamia. As the research main objective it was needed to determine the incidence of macadamia cultivation on economic growth and formal employment generation in the regions where it is cultivated, through quantitative tools and comparisons over time.
Regardless that macadamia crop has not a widespread recognition in the country, and has not a huge presence in the domestic market, its demand has been steadily increasing, as reflected in consolidated figures of amount of harvested area, output and crop yield since 1993, according to Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development databases1, also reflected in the merchandising efforts done by domestic producers in recent years, both internally and externally, without excluding the government’s actions for this activity.
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1 Quindio, Caldas, Risaralda, Valle del Cauca and Cundinamarca, initially. For 2004, Cauca is added and in 2008, Amazonas join to the group of studied departments.
2 Places such as Australia, Indonesia, South Africa and some states of the United States of America, mainly.
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2. REPUBLIC OF COLOMBIA - MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT (2006) Acuerdo Nacional de Competitividad de la Cadena de Macadamia y su Agroindustria.
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9. Canet Brenes, G. (1983) El cultivo de la macadamia, CAFESA - Costa Rica.
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11. NATIONAL COFFEE ASOCIATION - ANACAFÉ (2004) Cultivo de macadamia - Programa de diversificación de ingresos en la empresa cafetera, Agosto 2004. Recovered on October 08, 2010 http://portal.anacafe.org/portal/Home.aspx?tabid=13&;lang=1
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