Кемерово, Кемеровская область, Россия
Кемерово, Россия
Москва, г. Москва и Московская область, Россия
Москва, г. Москва и Московская область, Россия
Антибиотики традиционно используют для профилактики и лечения сельскохозяйственных животных. Содержание остаточного количества антибиотиков в животноводческой продукции (молоке, мясе и продуктах на их основе) является серьезной проблемой здравоохранения. Цель работы – оценка влияния контаминации молочного сырья антибиотиками на показатели качества и безопасности продуктов питания, а также оценка воздействия антибиотиков на микробиологический состав молока и возможности появления устойчивых к антибиотикам бактерий. Объектами исследования являлись научные статьи российских и зарубежных ученых, опубликованные с 2017 по 2022 гг., посвященные изучению влияния антибиотиков на молоко и продукты его переработки. Поиск провели по базам данных PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect и Web of Science, а также в электронной научной библиотеке eLibrary.ru по ключевым словам: антибиотики, антибиотикорезистентность, молоко и безопасность пищевой продукции. Анализ источников показал, что содержание антибиотиков в молоке приводит к ингибированию жизнедеятельности молочнокислых бактерий, что является причиной нарушения технологического процесса производства различных продуктов (йогуртов, сыров и т. д.). При соблюдении режимов обработки (нормализации, пастеризации и гомогенизации) исходного сырья антибиотики сохраняются в кисломолочных продуктах, связываясь со структурными компонентами молока (белками и жирами). Антибиотики из молочного сырья обнаруживаются в исходном количестве в йогуртах. При производстве сыров антибиотики переходят в сыворотку, но аминогликозиды, хинолоны и тетрациклины содержатся в готовом продукте, связываясь с белковой фракцией. Контаминация молочного сырья антибиотиками оказывает негативное влияние на биологическую безопасность продукции и приводит к серьезным проблемам как для здоровья человека, так и для технологического процесса производства. Однако данной проблеме уделяется недостаточно внимания. Необходимо проводить исследования по оценке остаточного содержания антибиотиков в молоке и молочных продуктах для обеспечения токсикологической безопасности продукции и технологических этапов производства, а также расширять аналитические методы оценки содержания антибиотиков в продукции.
Антибиотики, продукты животного происхождения, молоко, антибиотикорезистентность, биобезопасность, бактерии
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