Институт химической физики им. Н.Н. Семенова РАН (старший научный сотрудник)
Россия
Россия
ГРНТИ 76.03 Медико-биологические дисциплины
ГРНТИ 76.33 Гигиена и эпидемиология
ОКСО 14.04.02 Ядерные физика и технологии
ОКСО 31.06.2001 Клиническая медицина
ОКСО 31.08.08 Радиология
ОКСО 32.08.12 Эпидемиология
ББК 51 Социальная гигиена и организация здравоохранения. Гигиена. Эпидемиология
ББК 534 Общая диагностика
ТБК 5708 Гигиена и санитария. Эпидемиология. Медицинская экология
ТБК 5712 Медицинская биология. Гистология
ТБК 5734 Медицинская радиология и рентгенология
ТБК 6212 Радиоактивные элементы и изотопы. Радиохимия
Представлены сравнительные данные по биологическим эффектам неорганических (НТО) и органических (ОСТ) соединений трития на молекулярном, цитогенетическом и организменном уровнях. Приведены данные по относительной биологической эффективности (ОБЭ) ОСТ и НТО в зависимости от их распределения в клетках и тканях организма. Многочисленные исследования показывают, что расчет ОБЭ соединений трития на разных уровнях организации приводит к противоречивым данным, что связано с особенностями взаимодействия НТО и ОСТ с критическими биомолекулами в клетках, а также с пролиферативной активностью различных клеток и тканей организма. В экспериментах выявлено, что эффективность ОСТ намного выше, чем НТО, что связано с их быстрым включением в критические для клетки биомолекулы, включая белки и ДНК, с дальнейшим формированием значительного биологического эффекта. На основании данных, полученных в последнее время в разных лабораториях по действию соединений трития на молекулярном и клеточном уровнях, делается вывод о необходимости поиска нового подхода к нормированию НТО и ОСТ в окружающей среде.
тритий, органические соединения трития, оксид трития, НТО, ОСТ, ОБЭ, двунитевые разрывы ДНК, γН2АХ, 3Н-тимидин, тритиевая вода, оценка риска
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