Иркутск, Россия
Иркутск, Россия
Иркутск, Россия
We propose and test a method of analyzing ionograms of vertical ionospheric sounding, which is based on detecting deviations of the shape of an ionogram from its regular (averaged) shape. We interpret these deviations in terms of reflection from the electron density irregularities at heights corresponding to the effective height. We examine the irregularities thus discovered within the framework of a model of a localized uniformly moving irregularity, and determine their characteristic parameters: effective heights and observed vertical velocities. We analyze selected experimental data for three seasons (spring, winter, autumn) obtained nearby Irkutsk with a fast chirp ionosonde of ISTP SB RAS in 2013–2015. The analysis of six days of observations conducted in these seasons has shown that in the observed vertical drift of the irregularities there are two characteristic distributions: wide velocity distribution with nearly 0 m/s mean and with standard deviation of ~250 m/s and narrow distribution with nearly –160 m/s mean. The analysis has demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for the automatic analysis of vertical sounding data with high repetition rate.
ionospheric disturbances, automatic ionogram processing, ionospheric vertical sounding
1. Berngardt O.I., Perevalova N.P., Dobrynina A.A., Kutelev K.A., Shestakov N.V., Bakhtiarov V.F., Kusonsky O.A., Zagretdinov R.V., Zherebtsov G.A. Toward the azimuthal characteristics of ionospheric and seismic effects of “Chelyabinsk” meteorite fall according to the data from coherent radar, GPS, and seismic networks. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2015a, vol. 120, no. 12, pp. 10,754-10,771. DOI: 10.1002/ 2015JA021549.
2. Berngardt O.I., Kotovich G.V., Mikhailov S.Ya., Podlesnyi A.V. Dynamics of vertical ionospheric inhomogeneities over Irkutsk during 06:00-06:20UT 11/03/2011 caused by Tohoku earthquake. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2015b, vol. 132, pp. 106-115. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2015.07.004.
3. Berngardt O.I., Perevalova N.P., Podlesnyi A.V., Kurkin V.I., Zherebtsov G.A Vertical midscale ionospheric disturbances caused by surface seismic waves based on Irkutsk chirp ionosonde data in 2011-2016. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2017. vol. 122, no. 4, pp. 4736-4754. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JA023511.
4. Bilitza D., Altadill D., Truhlik V., Shubin V. International Reference Ionosphere 2016: from ionospheric climate to real-time weather predictions. Space Weather. 2017. vol. 15, no. 2. pp. 418-429. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/2016sw001593.
5. Frissell N.A., Baker J.B.H., Ruohoniemi J.M., Greenwald R.A., Gerrard A.J., Miller E.S., West M.L. Sources and characteristics of medium scale traveling ionospheric disturbances observed by high frequency radars in the North American sector. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2016, vol. 121, no. 4, pp. 3722-3739. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/2015ja022168.
6. Givishvili G.V., Leshchenko L.N. Spatiotemporal parameters of anomalous reflections from the ionosphere. Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. 2017, vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 434-441. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793217040077.
7. Golikova E.V., Kunitsyn V.E., Matveyev A.S., Nesterov I.A. Modeling of radio signal reflection from stratified atmosphere and ionosphere. Radiotekhnika i elektronika [J. of Communications Technology and Electronics]. 2005, vol. 50, no. 7, pp. 794-804. (In Russian).
8. Haldoupis C.I., Meek C., Christakis N., Pancheva D., Bourdillon A. Ionogram height-time-intensity observations of descending sporadic E layers at mid-latitude. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2006, vol. 68, no. 3-5, pp. 539-557. DOI: 10.1016/ j.jastp.2005.03.020.
9. Hocke K., Schlegel K. A review of atmospheric gravity waves and travelling ionospheric disturbances: 1982-1995. Ann. Geophys. 1996, vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 917-940. DOI: 10.1007/ s00585-996-0917-6.
10. Jiang Chunhua, Yuannong Zhang, Guobin Yang, Zhu Peng, Sun Hengqing, Cui Xiao, Song Huan, Zhao Zhengyu. Automatic scaling of the sporadic E layer and removal of its multiple reflection and backscatter echoes for vertical incidence ionograms. J. Atmos. Solar-Terr. Phys. 2015, vol. 129, suppl. C, pp. 41-48. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2015.04.005.
11. Kozlovsky A., Turunen T., Ulich T. Rapid-run ionosonde observations of traveling ionospheric disturbances in the auroral ionosphere. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2013, vol. 118, no. 8, pp. 5265-5276. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/jgra.50474.
12. Kurkin V.I., Laryunin O.A., Podlesny V., Pezhems-kaya M.D., Chistyakova L.V. Studying morphological characteristics of traveling ionospheric disturbances with the use of near-vertical ionospheric sounding data. Atmos. Ocean. Optics. 2014, vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 303-309. DOI: 10.1134/ S1024856014040095.
13. Liu J.-Y., Chen Ch.-H., Lin Ch.-H., Tsai H.-F., Chen Ch.-H., Kamogawa M. Ionospheric disturbances triggered by the 11 March 2011 M9.0 Tohoku earthquake. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2011, vol. 116, no. A6, A06319. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2011ja016761.
14. Lobb R.J., Titheridge J.E. The effects of travelling ionospheric disturbances on ionograms. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 1977, vol. 39, pp. 129-138. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(77)90106-4.
15. Maruyama T., Tsugawa T., Kato H., Saito A., Otsuka Yu., Nishioka M.Ionospheric multiple stratifications and irregularities induced by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake. Earth, Planets, and Space. 2011, vol. 63, pp. 869-873. DOI: 10.5047/ eps.2011.06.008.
16. Maruyama T., Yusupov K., Akchurin A. Interpretation of deformed ionograms induced by vertical ground motion of seismic Rayleigh waves and infrasound in the thermosphere. Ann. Geophys. 2016a. vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 271-278. DOI:https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-271-2016.
17. Maruyama T., Yusupov K., Akchurin A. Ionosonde tracking of infrasound wavefronts in the thermosphere launched by seismic waves after the 2010 M8.8 Chile earthquake. J. Geophys. Res.: Space Phys. 2016b, vol. 121, no. 3, pp. 2683-2692. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/2015ja022260.
18. Naumenko A.A., Podlesny A.V. Modernization of transmission and receiving facilities of chirp sounding network. Mezhdunarodnaya Baikalskaya molodezhnaya nauchnaya shkola po fundamentalnoi fizike. Trudy XV konferetsii molodykh uchenykh. [Proc. Baikal Young Scientists’ International School on Fundamental Physics. XV Young Scientists’ Conference]. 2017, pp. 279-281. (In Russian).
19. Reinisch B.W., Galkin I.A., Khmyrov G.M. New digisonde for research and monitoring applications. Radio Sci. 2009, vol. 44, no. 1, RS0A24. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1029/2008rs004115.
20. Pignalberi A., Pezzopane M., Rizzi R., Galkin I.A. Effective solar indices for ionospheric modeling: a review and a proposal for a real-time regional IRI. Surv. Geophys. 2018, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 125-167. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10712-017-9438-y.
21. Podlesny A.V. Chirp receiver using program systems. Mezhdunarodnaya Baikalskaya molodezhnaya nauchnaya shkola po fundamentalnoi fizike. Trudy XV konferetsii molodykh uchenykh. [Proc. Baikal Young Scientists’ International School on Fundamental Physics. XV Young Scientists’ Conference]. 2017, pp. 200-202. (In Russian).
22. Ponyatov A.A., Uryadov V.P., Ivanov V.A., Cherkashin Yu.N., Chernov A.G., Shumaev V. Oblique chirp sounding of the modified ionosphere. Experiment and simulation. Radiophys. Quant. Electron. 1999, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 269-277. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02677569.
23. Toffoli T., Margolus N. Cellular Automata Machines: A New Environment for Modeling. Cambridge, MIT Press, 1987, 276 p.
24. Uryadov V.P., Kurkin V.I., Vertogradov G.G., Vertogradov V.G., Ponomarchuk S., Ponyatov A.A. Features of propagation of HF signals on mid-latitude paths under conditions of geomagnetic disturbances. Radiophys. Quant. Electron. 2004, vol. 47, no. 12, pp. 933-946. DOI: 10.1007/ s11141-005-0035-4.
