Moskva, Moscow, Russian Federation
The history of development of the method for assessment of investment projects’ ecological and economical efficiency based on "expense-results" analysis is considered in this paper. This method application technique for assessment of public efficiency of infrastructure projects in the road construction area allowing justify the decisions directed on realization of principles for road construction’s sustainable development is offered.
highways, road construction, public and ecological and economical efficiency, expenses, benefits, ecological damage, cost assessment.
1. История развития метода
Оценка общественной или эколого-экономической эффективности проектов в сфере дорожного строительства является инструментом государственной политики, направленной на реализацию принципов устойчивого развития. В последнее время данные принципы проникают в разнообразные сферы хозяйственной деятельности, включая финансовый анализ, кредитование и обоснование принимаемых управленческих решений, касающихся реализации проектов с государственным инвестированием.
В основе оценки общественной эффективности проектов лежит метод экономического анализа затрат и выгод (АЗВ), обычно называемый «затраты–выгоды» или «выгоды–затраты». Метод предусматривает сравнение стоимости общих ожидаемых выгод от проекта с суммарными издержками на его реализацию. Анализ «затраты–выгоды» позволяет определить, выгоден проект или нет для общества, и создает количественную основу для сравнения разных проектов и выбора наиболее эффективного из них.
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