As a result of crisis, fixed capital is depreciated, moral and physical depreciation of material resources is accelerated, and thus the need for modernization in production and technical as well as technological and administrative spheres is thoroughly confirmed. The ongoing crisis calls for the need to cardinally transform and update the existing production and technological base, and to introduce production of new and the most effective mechanisms and machines, as well as ways and technologies in production and management spheres at all the three levels, from the enterprise level to the level of the region and to the nationwide level. The active creation and introduction of innovations would help to stimulate inflow of investments, expand production and increase management efficiency at all levels concerned. Development of various crisis phenomena in Russia calls for the necessity to shift the economy to innovative development mode. The innovative component is considered an the integral part of the effective and dynamic development of the national economy. The innovative approach has been announced as the major goal by the nation’s leadership. In 2008 the president of the Russian Federation pointed out the need to use effectively the following five major tools, namely, the intellectual power, innovations, institutions, investments and infrastructure. State regulation measures aimed at the development of innovative activities for the purpose of ensuring national security in the sphere of science, technologies and educations were enacted in 2009, when the “Strategy of national security of the Russian Federation till 2020” was adopted to help form the basis for the state regulation measures in the sphere of elaboration of the national-wide and regional innovative policy. For the purpose of ongoing assessment of the innovative activity results the Association of innovative regions of Russia has been created. The specifics of national and regional monitoring are defined, as well as ways to monitor innovative activities of an individual enterprise. The author proves the necessity for complex assessment of innovative activities in terms of boosting efficiency of performance and higher competitiveness of an individual enterprise and the region as a whole.
innovations, innovative policy, assessment of innovativeness of theregion and the enterprise.
Введение
Целью данного исследования является определение возможности эффективного динамичного мониторинга и сравнение уровня инновационного развития региона и предприятия на основе стандартно-унифицированных форм и подходов оценки. Социально-экономическое развитие отдельных регионов и страны в целом находится под воздействием совокупности внешних и внутренних факторов. В результате происходит циклическое экономическое развитие, которое характеризуется в конкретный промежуток времени соответствующими спаду или подъему параметрами.
В рыночной экономике проявляется циклическая форма движения. Происходят непрерывные колебания деловой активности, подъемы и падения рыночной конъюнктуры, чередование преобладания экстенсивного в фазе подъема или интенсивного в посткризисный период типов экономического роста [7]. Длительность и глубину циклических колебаний определяют наличие, объем, направление и длительность вложения инвестиций. Цикл экономического развития завершает кризис, а это в свою очередь дает старт новому циклу. Это обусловлено тем, что в результате кризиса происходит обесценение основного капитала, ускоряется моральный и физический износ материально-технических ресурсов, всесторонне подтверждается потребность в производственно-технической, технологической и управленческой модернизации. Состояние кризиса обосновывает необходимость кардинального преобразования и обновления существующей производственно-технологической базы, а также внедрения в производство новых и наиболее эффективных по всем характеристикам аппаратов и машин, способов и методов производства и управления на уровне предприятия, региона и страны. Активное создание и внедрение инноваций в жизнь позволит обеспечить приток инвестиций, расширить производство и повысить эффективность управления на всех уровнях.
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