Sankt-Peterburg, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Tula, Russian Federation
Russian Federation
UDK 61 Медицина. Охрана здоровья
The work is devoted to the diagnosis of skin melanoma. The article reflects the main factors affecting the survival of patients. The basic principles of melanoma diagnostics are presented. Methods for diagnosing skin melanoma, including invasive and non-invasive methods, are described in detail and with justification. Of the non-invasive methods for diagnosing skin melanoma, the role of physical examination and dermatoscopy in case of suspected melanoma is emphasized. Of the instrumental methods of examination, the use of such research methods as ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography is considered. From laboratory methods, methods of molecular genetic research and determination of skin melanoma biomarkers are presented. Of the invasive methods, the use of biopsy methods such as excisional and incisional biopsy is considered, with specification of indications and contraindications for their use. At the end of the work, the main requirements for the early diagnosis of skin melanoma are listed. In conclusion, the latest trends in the diagnosis of skin melanoma, new non-invasive methods and an algorithm for diagnosing skin melanoma are identified.
skin melanoma, diagnostic principles, physical examination, dermatoscopy, instrumental diagnostics, melanoma biopsy, morphological study, molecular genetic study, melanoma biomarkers, early diagnosis
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