The influence of the circuitry of the hybrid power plant short and medium haul aircraft on their fuel efficiency and environmental characteristics have been investigated. Directions of improvement of traditional patterns of power plants of aircraft on the example of PD-14 engine were analyzed. It has been shown that the use of turbojet engines and traditional schemes operating on aviation kerosene, will not allow to fulfill the demands made by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) to perspective plane 2025–2035. The analysis of the three schemes hybrid propulsion systems has been performed. It has been shown that using the presented hybrid propulsion systems of alternative fuels can reduce CO2 emissions by 19% to 20% compared with conventional turbojet engines, which run on kerosene TS-1. It has been shown that this fuel efficiency is increased by 2–3%, and the total mass of the power plant increases of 6 to 16%.
civil aviation, aircraft engine, hybrid propulsion system, fuel efficiency, alternative fuel, environmental requirements.
1. Введение
В настоящее время в нашей стране идет проектирование перспективных турбовентиляторных двигателей семейства ПД-14 для ближне- и среднемагистральных самолетов (БСМС) в диапазоне тяги на взлетном режиме (высота полета Н = 0 м; число Маха полета М = 0) от 11 до 16 (в перспективе до 18) тс. Летные испытания базового варианта двигателя на летающей лаборатории Ил-76ЛЛ в ЛИИ им. Громова начнутся в 2015 г., тогда же планируется сертификация авиадвигателя ПД-14 по российским нормам летной годности. Сертификация по европейским нормам летной годности запланирована на 2017 г. [1].
ПД-14 — двухконтурный двухвальный двигатель, без смешения потоков наружного и внутреннего контуров, с реверсом и эффективной системой шумоглушения. По своим характеристикам он относится к двигателям пятого поколения. По сравнению с лучшими российскими (совместными) турбореактивными двухконтурными двигателями (SaM146, ПС-90А2) и зарубежными аналогами (CFM56, V2500) был сделан качественный скачок в повышении основных параметров, обеспечивающий снижение удельного расхода топлива двигателя ПД-14 на 12–16% [2].
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