Object. Demographic and socioeconomic processes of the Far East and Trans-baikal. Subject of the Study. The article deals with the modern dynamics of the population in the Far East and Trans-baikal. The absolute and relative parameters of migration, the direction and structure of inter-territorial and interstate migration flows are analyzed. The authors study the composition, structure and dynamics of income and living standards in the region. Social perspectives and guidelines for population stabilization in the region are formulated. Purpose. Formation of the complex socioeconomic and demographic situation of the Far East and Trans-baikal.
population, population shift, productivity of migration, foreign migrants, income(s) of the population, living standard, Far East, Trans-Baikal.
Статья выполнена в рамках комплексной программы фундаментальных исследований ДВО РАН «Дальний Восток», проект 42П.17.5 «Экономика науки и образования: Дальний Восток России».
Введение
Социально-экономическое развитие страны (субъекта) определяется не только уровнем, масштабами развития хозяйственного комплекса, но и тем, кто проживает на данной территории, кто способен обеспечивать его поступательное движение. Демографическое развитие является одним из важных элементов устойчивого социально-экономического развития государства (и его отдельных субъектов) и одновременно фактором его национальной безопасности.
Дальний Восток и Забайкалье1 вступили с начала ХХI в. в период довольно критического демографического развития, когда численность населения стала уменьшаться темпами, превосходящими средние российские показатели [Елизаров, 2014, 14, с. 57–72]. В этом процессе свою роль «играют» естественное и миграционное движение населения [Красинец, Шевцова, 2014, 13]. Начавшийся в регионе еще в 1989 г. и постепенно нарастающий миграционный отток населения с 1993 г. дополнился естественной убылью населения.
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1В Забайкалье входит Республика Бурятия и Забайкальский край, в составе которого находится Агинский Бурятский автономный округ.
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