Object. Monotown Kazakhstan in the aspect of unstable employment. Subject of the Study. Income is often unstable in the segment of selfemployment. Growing instability increases due to temporary or part-time employment. These categories are subject to precarization causing loss of sense of security, sense of community. Losing your job entails the loss of identity. Developing distrust, fatigue, apathy, depression, fear among the unemployed. The largest island of the problems is in monotowns. In Kazakhstan the section of the population covered by precarization makes up 16,8% of the urban population. Precarisation entails the loss of social guarantees and social exclusion. The Problem. The problem of single-industry towns is not a problem of a given region, it is the question of the very existence of Kazakhstan as a civilized state. And it’s not so much that they are home to about 17% percent of the urban population of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and that the problems single-industry towns in the most acute form show all distortions in the country’s development. It’s the solution to the problem of employment precarization in monotowns that is of increasing importance for the country. In Kazakhstan, It’s one of the largest scientific and practical problems. Kazakhstan strives for becoming a highly developed state. To achieve this goal the government must ensure a balance between labour market flexibility and precarious employment by developing properly aligned priorities and institutions of social policy aimed at achieving high social standards of human development. Purpose. Developing the project to solve the problem of precarization in monotowns in Kazakhstan through achieving a balance between economic and social components of the state’s policies.
company towns, precarisation, hyperprecarization, selfemployment, social exclusion, washing out high-tech jobs.
Введение
В современных условиях проблема прекаризации занятости приобрела большую актуальность как в развитых, так и в развивающихся странах [Решетников, 2014, 3, с. 7–9]. Проблема проявляется в самых разнообразных формах — это и вынужденная неполная занятость в формальном секторе экономики, и замена срочных трудовых договоров бессрочными договорами, и наем работников с нарушением социально-трудовых норм, и демонтаж официальных договоров, и перевод трудовых отношений в неформальные [1].
Все это отрицательно сказывается на образе жизни людей. Рост безработицы разрушает человеческие ресурсы. Находящиеся вне рынка труда люди усиливают протестное движение в обществе [Григорьев, Миронова, Мартынова, Толстых, 2014, 25]. Поэтому первостепенное значение приобретает вопрос разработки соответствующей стратегии выхода людей из состояния прекаризации путем проведения такой социальной политики, которая обеспечила бы баланс между гибкостью рынка труда и неустойчивостью занятости [Херрманн, 2014, 4].
Глобальные преобразования в сфере труда и социально-трудовых отношений являются трендом мирового масштаба [Judit Csoba, 2014, 10]. В советское время не было прекаризации занятости. Проблемы неустойчивости появились с началом капиталистических трансформаций в Казахстане. Формирование капиталистических отношений было сопряжено с резким экономическим спадом, в результате приватизации обогатился узкий слой частных собственников и обеднела основная масса населения [Кузымбекова, 2014, 18, с. 109–116]. Все это привело к гиперпрекаризации и значительному социальному расслоению.
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