THE PHENOMENON OF FUEL PARTICLES IN CONSEQUENCES OF THE CHNPP ACCIDENT (OVERVIEW)1
Rubrics: DISCUSSION
Authors:
1.
LLC "STC Amplitude"
Moscow, Russian Federation
Moscow, Russian Federation
Type:
Article
Pages:
from 119
to 120
Status:
Published
Received:
17.12.2021
Accepted:
20.12.2021
Published:
20.12.2021
Subject area:
UDC 61
CSCSTI 76.33
CSCSTI 76.03
Russian Classification of Professions by Education 31.06.2001
Russian Classification of Professions by Education 31.08.08
Russian Classification of Professions by Education 32.08.12
Russian Classification of Professions by Education 14.04.02
Russian Library and Bibliographic Classification 534
Russian Library and Bibliographic Classification 51
Russian Trade and Bibliographic Classification 5712
Russian Trade and Bibliographic Classification 5734
Russian Trade and Bibliographic Classification 6212
Russian Trade and Bibliographic Classification 5708
CSCSTI 76.33
CSCSTI 76.03
Russian Classification of Professions by Education 31.06.2001
Russian Classification of Professions by Education 31.08.08
Russian Classification of Professions by Education 32.08.12
Russian Classification of Professions by Education 14.04.02
Russian Library and Bibliographic Classification 534
Russian Library and Bibliographic Classification 51
Russian Trade and Bibliographic Classification 5712
Russian Trade and Bibliographic Classification 5734
Russian Trade and Bibliographic Classification 6212
Russian Trade and Bibliographic Classification 5708
Language:
Russian
Keywords:
Chernobyl nuclear power plant, accident, nuclear fuel, fuel particles, "hot" particles, "volatile" fraction, acute radiation sickness
Abstract (English):
Predmetom issledovaniya yavilis' posledstviya vzryva aktivnoy zony energeticheskogo uran-grafitovogo reaktora RBMK na ChAES - sobytiya unikal'nogo i, nadeemsya, nepovtorimogo. V rezul'tate yadernogo vzryva, razrushivshego chetvertyy blok ChAES, srazu posle vzryva v vozduhe nad territoriey stancii vozniklo oblako, soderzhavshee aerodispersnuyu sistemu, vklyuchavshuyu aerozoli, obrazovavshiesya pri vzryve. Vzryv proizoshel pered predpolagavsheysya perezagruzkoy aktivnoy zony reaktora. Takim obrazom v oblake vybrosa okazalis' radioaktivnye produkty deleniya i aktivacii urana, nakopivshiesya v toplive aktivnoy zony reaktora za vremya kampanii. Vostochnyy veter v noch' 26.04.1986g pones oblako vzryva na zapad, ostavlyaya na poverhnosti zemli radioaktivnyy sled ot aerozol'nyh vypadeniy. Neposredstvennoy prichinoy avarii bylo ispol'zovanie v tu noch' sistemy avariynoy zaschity dlya ostanovki reaktora. Reaktor vzorvalsya pri vvode sterzhney avariynoy zaschity v aktivnuyu zonu2. Konstrukciya sterzhney avariynoy zaschity byla takova2, chto imenno ih vvedenie v aktivnuyu zonu v slozhivshihsya usloviyah iniciirovalo razvitie nekontroliruemoy cepnoy reakcii deleniya v aktivnoy zone reaktora. Vzryv zakonchilsya s prekrascheniem termalizacii neytronov iz-za razrusheniya grafitovoy kladki. V otlichie ot vzryva yadernogo zaryada, proishodyaschego na mgnovennyh neytronah deleniya so sredney energiey ~2·106 eV, nekontroliruemaya cepnaya reakciya deleniya v aktivnoy zone reaktora razvivalas' na termalizovannyh mgnovennyh neytronah s energiey ~2,5·10-2 eV, t.e. so skorost'yu peredachi cepi kak minimum v ~104 raz medlennee. «Konkurenciya» mezhdu razvitiem yadernogo vzryva s odnoy storony i razrusheniem grafitovoy kladki vzryvom– s drugoy, privela k yadernomu vzryvu v aktivnoy zone reaktora s trotilovym ekvivalentom po raznym ocenkam poryadka ~10÷30 t TNT.
Predmetom issledovaniya yavilis' posledstviya vzryva aktivnoy zony energeticheskogo uran-grafitovogo reaktora RBMK na ChAES - sobytiya unikal'nogo i, nadeemsya, nepovtorimogo. V rezul'tate yadernogo vzryva, razrushivshego chetvertyy blok ChAES, srazu posle vzryva v vozduhe nad territoriey stancii vozniklo oblako, soderzhavshee aerodispersnuyu sistemu, vklyuchavshuyu aerozoli, obrazovavshiesya pri vzryve. Vzryv proizoshel pered predpolagavsheysya perezagruzkoy aktivnoy zony reaktora. Takim obrazom v oblake vybrosa okazalis' radioaktivnye produkty deleniya i aktivacii urana, nakopivshiesya v toplive aktivnoy zony reaktora za vremya kampanii. Vostochnyy veter v noch' 26.04.1986g pones oblako vzryva na zapad, ostavlyaya na poverhnosti zemli radioaktivnyy sled ot aerozol'nyh vypadeniy. Neposredstvennoy prichinoy avarii bylo ispol'zovanie v tu noch' sistemy avariynoy zaschity dlya ostanovki reaktora. Reaktor vzorvalsya pri vvode sterzhney avariynoy zaschity v aktivnuyu zonu2. Konstrukciya sterzhney avariynoy zaschity byla takova2, chto imenno ih vvedenie v aktivnuyu zonu v slozhivshihsya usloviyah iniciirovalo razvitie nekontroliruemoy cepnoy reakcii deleniya v aktivnoy zone reaktora. Vzryv zakonchilsya s prekrascheniem termalizacii neytronov iz-za razrusheniya grafitovoy kladki. V otlichie ot vzryva yadernogo zaryada, proishodyaschego na mgnovennyh neytronah deleniya so sredney energiey ~2·106 eV, nekontroliruemaya cepnaya reakciya deleniya v aktivnoy zone reaktora razvivalas' na termalizovannyh mgnovennyh neytronah s energiey ~2,5·10-2 eV, t.e. so skorost'yu peredachi cepi kak minimum v ~104 raz medlennee. «Konkurenciya» mezhdu razvitiem yadernogo vzryva s odnoy storony i razrusheniem grafitovoy kladki vzryvom– s drugoy, privela k yadernomu vzryvu v aktivnoy zone reaktora s trotilovym ekvivalentom po raznym ocenkam poryadka ~10÷30 t TNT.
Keywords:
Chernobyl nuclear power plant, accident, nuclear fuel, fuel particles, "hot" particles, "volatile" fraction, acute radiation sickness
Chernobyl nuclear power plant, accident, nuclear fuel, fuel particles, "hot" particles, "volatile" fraction, acute radiation sickness
1. A.S.Dyatlov. Chernobyl'.Kak eto bylo, Nauchtehlitizdat, Moskva, 2003, ISBN5-93728-006-7
