Relevance. The indicators of the level of development of the health system in one of the subsidized regions of the Far East Russia — the Jewish Autonomous Oblast’ (JAO) are analized. Over the past six years, the population in the JAO has decreased by almost 30%, due to both natural and mechanical movement of the population. Object. Statistics diseases and health indicators in the region are characteristic of human development. Subject of the Study. Analyzing of the reasons for the trend for JAO to the highest possible performance level of mortality among the regions of the Far East. Analysis of the structure of diseases in the region: the leading place in the structure of primary disease occupy respiratory diseases, tuberculosis in particular. The nature of the epidemiological situation of tuberculosis in recent years has remained rather tense — its incidence in the region is 2.5 times higher than in Russia. The main reason for these processes is insufficient preventive measures aimed at identifying the disease at an early stage. In addition, provision of medical facilities in the area average staff above the national average, staffing by physicians of medical institutions reaches only 43%. Results of the Study. As a result of the analysis of empirical data it is shown that there are some positive trends in health care field, including in the provision of cash payments to employees primary, increasing the number of residents immunized against several diseases, newborn screening, but the rates of morbidity and mortality are still high. Purpose. Analysis of the impact of changes in health indicators on demographic development in one of the subsidized regions of the Far East Russia — Jewish Autonomous Oblast (JAO) for the period from 2006 to 2012. Subject of the study — analysis of changes in fertility and mortality as a result of JAO ongoing changes in the health care field.
the Jewish Autonomous Oblast’, health, health care, human capital.
1. Здоровье нации — социально-демографический фактор
Сохранение и укрепление здоровья населения, увеличение продолжительности жизни, снижение заболеваемости и смертности являются приоритетными направлениями социальной политики государства, развития человеческого потенциала [Бушуев, Голубев, Косьяненко, Тарко, 2013, 22, с. 63-125; Куклин. Леонтьева, Никулина, 2013, с. 130–140]. Важнейшим компонентом человеческого развития, во многом определяющим устойчивость долгосрочных трендов социально-экономического развития региона, является здоровье населения и уровень развития системы здравоохранения [Мотрич, Найден, 2013, 20, с. 18–24].
В современных условиях сохранение здоровья нации определено как одно из приоритетных направлений развития российского общества [Бобков, 2013, 23, с. 3–6]. Выполнение мероприятий национальных проектов должно способствовать системной модернизации здравоохранения, образования, жилищной сферы, агропромышленного комплекса. Повышение уровня жизни населения может оказать влияние на стабилизацию демографических показателей [Мошков, 2013, 21, с. 54–60]. На наш взгляд, именно демографическая ситуация отражает эффективность мероприятий по улучшению социально-экономической ситуации. В рамках данного исследования проведен анализ показателей здравоохранения в Еврейской автономной области (ЕАО) в течение периода реализации приоритетного национального проекта «Здоровье» (2006–2012 гг.).
Тенденции в состоянии здоровья населения региона в большинстве случаев оцениваются на основании динамики демографических процессов, в основном по смертности населения. Высокий уровень общей и младенческой смертности может быть связан как с формированием высокого уровня распространенности заболеваний, так и с доступностью и качеством медицинской помощи, оказываемой населению при заболеваниях [Бобылев, 2013, 1].
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