Relevance. The topicality of the research is due to the increasing complexity and acuteness of social problems of the disabled in society. In the context of globalization, leading to the transformation of social systems it becomes very important to find solutions for the problems that reduce the quality of life of people with disabilities. Object. Children (511000) aged 0-17 with disabilities (various diseases). People with disabilities — a total of 12 million. The Subject Matter. Assessment of the demographic situation and the proportion of people with disabilities. Evaluation of parameters of growth/ decline of the population 2000 — 2014 determine the connection between the population growth and level and quality of life. Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the concepts of «quality of life» and «human potential». The relationship of the concept of «human capacity» with «quality of life» and with one of the key indicators — the level and quality needs of the individual, group and society. Theoretical analysis of the structure of «human potential»: a) the external potential (environmental and technical) and b) of the internal potential biological side (substrate, functions and spiritual side (needs, abilities). Assessment of quality of life from the position of subjective indicators (degree of satisfaction with the quality of life of individuals) and objective indicators (satisfaction scientific needs and interests of the population). Parties of «quality of life»: 1) material (food, clothing, housing), 2) ecological (the state of the natural environment), 3) physiological — health (availability of medical care), 4) existential (security level), 5) social (stable social relations in the society), 6) cultural (availability of sufficient conditions for education and development of abilities). «Index of human development» that includes all the aspects of quality of life and basic social indicators: 7) «the life expectancy of the population», 8) development of education, 9) the standard of living of the population. The analysis of «health» as a factor of quality of life. Sociomedical care of persons health outcomes. The analysis of the reasons of age, the proportion of chronic diseases and mortality of able-bodied citizens of the Russian Federation. Underfunding as the reason for the deceleration of the health system. Immanent reasons of the health system involving incomplete and inefficient activities of that social institution. Comparison of RF and EU on the level of mortality of the population (including mortality in working age). The reasons of the reduction of working life for men and women in the Russian Federation. Sociological survey respondents (15-30 years) in the presence of chronic diseases. Analysis of growth trends of cardiovascular disease in different age groups of the population. Analysis of the material side of life quality. Real money incomes, especially in the group of low-income Russians. Analysis of the needs of the population in life support on main areas: food, clothes, wages, housing. Analysis of the cultural aspect of life quality. Degree of satisfaction with teaching children in school, Analysis of social protection of the disabled with a special measure of «quality of life». The level and quality of professional rehabilitation of people with disability. Needs assessment in vocational guidance, vocational training and retraining, labour adaptation. Growing requirements for hired personnel reduce the chances of disabled persons to obtain employment, Purpose. The aim of this article is a comparative analysis of the level and quality of life in our country and people with disabilities. The comparison of the standard of living of ordinary people and the disabled, in particular in order to see what is the gap between the level and quality of life of these people in our country the main aspects of the article. The article gives a comparative analysis of the level and quality of life in our country and people with disabilities. The analysis conducted by several criteria, but the main emphasis is on three overall indicators: income, health indicators, the quality and availability of education. As a result of the research there appeared that in general the quality of life in Russia can be considered high, but the quality of life of people with disabilities in our country is low.
quality of life, criteria of quality of life, human development, the index of human development, human potential, invalids, the necessities of life.
1. Демографическая ситуация и доля населения с ограниченными возможностями
Сегодня инвалидность рассматривается как сложное социальное явление, где качество жизни выступает основным из показателей благосостояния общества [Бутрина, 2013, 17, с. 111–124]. По данным Организации Объединенных Наций, в мире насчитывается около 650 млн людей с инвалидностью, что составляет примерно 10% основной части населения [Статистические данные, 2011, 10]. Ситуацию в России характеризуют данные табл. 1 и рис. 1 [Здравоохранение в России, 2013, 5, с. 22].
1. Varlamova S.N. Uroven’ i kachestvo zhizni v Rossii otsenka naseleniya. Politicheskoe obrazovanie.htm [The level and quality of life in the Russian population estimate. political obrazovanie.htm]
2. Gorshenina E.V. Regional’nye ekonomicheskie issledovani ya: teoriya i praktika [Regional economic research: theory and practice]. Tver’, Tver State University Publ., 2009, pp. 46-61.
3. Gryaznova E.V., Kalinina T.V. Sistemnyy analiz chelovecheskogo potentsiala obshchestva [System analysis of the human potential of society]. N. Novgorod, NNGASU Publ., 2007, p. 49.
4. Bobylev S.N. Doklad o chelovecheskom razvitii v Rossiyskoy Federatsii za 2013 g. [Human Development Report for the Russian Federation 2013]. RA IL’’F Publ., 2013, p. 51.
5. Zdravookhranenie v Rossii [Healthcare in Russia]. 2013, p. 22.
6. Informatsiya o sotsial’no-ekonomicheskom polozhenii Rossii - 2013 g. [Information on the socio-economic situation in Russia - 2013]. Federal’naya sluzhba gosudarstvennoy statistiki [Federal State Statistics Service].
7. Kozlova V.N. Trudovaya zanyatost’ invalidov: sotsial’noekonomicheskiy aspekt [Employment of Persons with Disabilities: socio-economic aspect]. Problemnyy analiz i gosudarstvenno-upravlencheskoe proektirovanie: politologiya, ekonomika, pravo [Problem analysis and public management design: political science, economics, law]. 2011, I. 5, pp. 141-144.
8. Kroytor S.N. Dostup k obrazovaniyu invalidov v Rossii: vozmozhnosti i prepyatstviya [Access to education of persons with disabilities in Russia: Opportunities and Obstacles]. Sotsis [Sotsis]. 2013, I. 5, pp. 103-110.
9. Maksimova T.M., Lushkina N.P., Ogryzko E.V. Problemy otsenki meditsinskogo obespecheniya bol’nykh s patologiey sistemy krovoobrashcheniya po dannym ofitsial’noy statistiki [Problems of assessing medical care of patients with disorders of the circulatory system according to official statistics]. Problemy sotsial’noy gigieny i istoriya meditsiny [Problems of Social Hygiene and the history of medicine]. 2012, I. 6
10. Statisticheskie dannye OON [The statistics of the United Nations]. Available at: www.un.org.
11. Sub”ektivnaya otsenka kachestva zhizni molodymi invalidami s mental’noy nedostatochnost’yu [Subjective assessment of the quality of life of young disabled people with mental deficiency]. Psikhologicheskaya nauka i obrazovanie [Psychological Science and Education]. 2012, I. 4. Available at: www.psyedu.ru.
12. Federal’nyy zakon Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 22 avgusta 2004 g. № 122-FZ «O vnesenii izmeneniy v zakonodatel’nye akty Rossiyskoy Federatsii i priznanii utrativshimi silu nekotorykh zakonodatel’nykh aktov Rossiyskoy Federatsii v svyazi s prinyatiem federal’nykh zakonov «O vnesenii izmeneniy i dopolneniy v Federal’nyy zakon “Ob obshchikh printsipakh organizatsii zakonodatel’nykh (predstavitel’nykh) i ispolnitel’nykh organov gosudarstvennoy vlasti sub”ektov Rossiyskoy Federatsii” i “Ob obshchikh printsipakh organizatsii mestnogo samoupravleniya v Rossiyskoy Federatsii”» [The Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated August 22, 2004 № 122-FZ “On Amendments to the Laws of the Russian Federation, and Repeal of Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in connection with the adoption of Federal Law” On Amendments to the Federal Law “on general principles of organization of legislative (representative) and executive bodies of subjects of the Russian Federation “and” on general principles of organization of local government in the Russian Federation”].
13. Filipenko S.A. Povyshenie kachestva zhizni naseleniya na osnove sovershenstvovaniya sotsial’noy politiki. Kand. Diss. [Improving the quality of life through improved social policy. Cand. Diss.]. Moscow, 2012, pp. 24.
14. Federal’nyy zakon Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 22 avgusta 2004 g. № 122-FZ «O vnesenii izmeneniy v zakonodatel’nye akty Rossiyskoy Federatsii i priznanii utrativshimi silu nekotorykh zakonodatel’nykh aktov Rossiyskoy Federatsii v svyazi s prinyatiem federal’nykh zakonov «O vnesenii izmeneniy i dopolneniy v Federal’nyy zakon “Ob obshchikh printsipakh organizatsii zakonodatel’nykh (predstavitel’nykh) i ispolnitel’nykh organov”» [The Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated August 22, 2004 № 122-FZ “On Amendments to the Laws of the Russian Federation, and Repeal of Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in connection with the adoption of Federal Law” On Amendments to the Federal Law “on general principles of organization of legislative (representative) and executive bodies”].
15. Kuchuk S.E. Finansovo-ekonomicheskie osobennosti obyazatel’nogo pensionnogo strakhovaniya invalidnosti [Financial and economic features of mandatory pension insurance disability]. Uroven’ zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii [Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia]. 2013, I. 5 (183), pp. 44-52.
16. Varlamova S.N., Gulyugina A.A. Denezhnye dokhody invalidov i pozhilykh grazhdan Respubliki Sakha (Yakutiya) [Cash income disabled and elderly citizens of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)]. Uroven’ zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii [Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia]. 2013, I. 5 (183), pp. 69-76.
17. Butrina V.I. Uroven’ i kachestvo zhizni invalidov: ob”ektivna li statistika? [The level and quality of life of people with disabilities: whether objective statistics?]. Uroven’ zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii [Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia]. 2013, I. 12 (190), pp. 111-124.
18. Kavokin S.N. Sovershenstvovanie sistemy osvidetel’stvovaniya i kompleksnoy reabilitatsii invalidov kak obyazatel’noe uslovie realizatsii trebovaniy Konventsii o pravakh invalidov [Improving the system of inspection and comprehensive rehabilitation as a prerequisite to implementing the requirements of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities]. Uroven’ zhizni naseleniya regionov Rossii [Living Standards of the Population in the Regions of Russia]. 2013, I. 11 (189), pp. 102-106.
