from 01.01.2012 until now
Voronezh, Voronezh, Russian Federation
This paper analyzes the patterns of weakening of soft-wooded broadleaved species, provides the frequency of occurrence of the most common external signs of pathologies and their relationship with the general condition of trees. It was found that the most common pathological sign in soft-wooded broadleaved species is drying out of branches (58.2% of the surveyed trees), followed by breakage of skeletal branches (14.9%) and the presence of thick skeletal branches in the crown (14.4% ). Further, as the occurrence of signs decreases, we see trunk inclination of varying degrees (13.9%), where inclination of up to 30° prevails, various pathologies of the trunk shape (12.9%), the most frequent among which was the bifurcation of the trunk, bending of the trunk relative to the normal axis of the tree (7%) and fruiting bodies of wood-destroying fungi (4.1%). Small-leaved linden (Tilia cordata Mill.) was the most stable species in the surveyed plantation, on which the least number of pathological signs was recorded. The revealed features of the external manifestation of pathologies will make it possible to determine the category of the tree state more accurately and increase objectivity and reliability of forest pathological examinations
tree pathology, signs of tree weakening, external manifestation of tree pathology
1. Zhuravlev, I.I. Diagnostika bolezney lesa [Tekst] /I.I Zhuravlev. - M.: Izdatel'stva sel'skohozyaystvennoy literatury, zhurnalov i plakatov, 1962.-94 s.
2. Korovin, V.V. Strukturnye anomalii: sluchaynost' ili ... / V.V. Korovin, G.A. Kurnosov //Lesnoy vestnik.-M: MGUL, 2009.-№1.-S.26-31.
3. Novikova, T.N. Kachestvo stvolov u geograficheskih potomstv sosny obyknovennoy v usloviyah Zapadnogo Zabaykal'ya / T.N. Novikova// Lesnoe hozyaystvo.-2006. -№6.-s 42-43
4. Caralunga, V.V. Sanitarnye rubki v dubravah: obnovlenie, optimizaciya / V.V. Caralunga - M.; MGUL, 2003.-240 s.
5. Shutyaev, A.M. Vliyanie povrezhdeniy verhushechnoy pochki na rost duba chereshchatogo / A.M. Shutyaev //Lesovedenie.-1969.- №6.- s.60-65.
6. Asner, G.P. Progressive forest canopy water loss during the 2012-2015 California drought./ G.P. Asner, P.G. Brodrick, C.B. Anderson, N. Vaughn, D.E. Knapp, R.E. Martin // Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, V.113, Is.2, 2016, P.E249-E255. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1523397113
7. Brockerhoff, E.G. Ecology of forest insect invasions. / E.G. Brockerhoff, A.M. Liebhold // Biological Invasions. V.19, Is.11, 2017, P.3141-3159. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-017-1514-1.
8. Damien, M. Pest damage in mixed forests: Disentangling the effects of neighbor identity, host density and host apparency at different spatial scales / M. Damien, H. Jactel, C. Meredieu, M. Régolini, I. van Halder, B. Castagneyrol // Forest Ecology and Management. V.378, 2016, P.103-110. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.07.025
9. Desprez-Loustau, M-L. / An evolutionary ecology perspective to address forest pathology challenges of today and tomorrow / M-L. Desprez-Loustau, J. Aguayo, C. Dutech, K.J. Hayden, C. Husson, B. Jakushkin, B. Marçais, D. Piou, C. Robin, C. Vacher // Annals of Forest Science. 2016. P.45-67. DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-015-0487-4
10. Ewing, C.J. Beech leaf disease: An emerging forest epidemic. / C.J. Ewing, C.E. Hausman, J. Pogacnik, J.Slot, P. Bonello // Forest Pathology. V.49, Is.2, 2019. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/efp.12488.
11. Kowalski, T. Pathogenicity of fungi associated with ash dieback towards Fraxinus excelsior / T.Kowalski, P. Bilański, W. Kraj // Plant Pathology. V.66, Is.8, 2017, P.1228-1238. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12667
12. Malone, S.L. Monitoring changes in water use efficiency to understand drought induced tree mortality / Forests. V.8, Is.10, 2017. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/f8100365
13. Manion, P.D. Evolution of concepts in forest pathology. / Phytopathology V.93, Is.8, 2003, p.1052-1055. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.8.1052
14. Olmo, D. Pathogenicity testing of lesser-known fungal trunk pathogens associated with wood decay of almond trees / D.Olmo, J.Armengol, M.León, D. Gramaje // European Journal of Plant Pathology. V.143, Is.3, 2015, P.607-611. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-015-0699-3.
