Russian Federation
Moskva, Moscow, Russian Federation
Federal Educational and MethodologicalAssociation in the System of Higher Education «Technospheric Safety and Environmental Management» (Associate Professor)
Moskva, Moscow, Russian Federation
Various aspects of a current state in the field of laser safety in Russia and abroad have been considered. A review of the main normative documents in the field of laser safety and laser dosimetry has been carried out. The necessity in audit of domestic system of laser safety for its modernization purpose has been caused first of all by a considerable expansion of laser products’ scopes. Besides, a problem of counteraction by standard and legal way to so-called "laser hooliganism" which is expressed in unauthorized radiation of aircrafts’ pilots and vehicles’ drivers by laser bunches of powerful laser target indicators called in use as "laser pointers" is very actual now. Control methods related to safe application of the laser products intended for work on open spaces aren´t regulated in the existing system of laser safety, as well as there are no objective criteria for assessment of such products’ laser radiation danger degree to the health of human beings which have got to laser bunches’ distribution field. Respectively, there are considerable difficulties in justification of these or those legal sanctions application against "laser hooligans". Due to the beginning of development of Customs Union’s technical regulations on laser production safety it is necessary to carry out a modernization of existing state standard specifications (GOSTs) in a part of reflection at them a modern level of laser equipment development and accounting of Russia’s Federal Laws No. 184 and No. 52 requirements. A new system of standards on laser safety under a general name "SSBT. Lasers and Laser Setups (Systems). Laser Safety" has been offered. It is supposed to include in this system besides the upgraded GOST SSBT 12.1.040, some more documents in the rank of Russia’s national standards and rules on metrology. Compliance of design standards to the international and regional (European) standards, and also to national standards of the USA has been considered. The need of improvement related to methods of state regulation in the laser safety area has been justified. Overcoming of a situation of a legal collision in the body of law related to laser safety is offered by development of Customs Union’s laser production safety technical regulations harmonized with the Customs Union’s interstate sanitary and hygienic legal document ESGT – 2010 and the Russian sanitary standards with simultaneous restriction related to a standardization area of translated standards on laser safety based on the MEK standards of the IEC 60825 series that have been put into operation in 2009–2014. The scope of these standards has to be limited only to laser production intended for export.
laser safety, laser radiation, danger degree, technical regulations, legal collision, standard, control, supervision, open space.
Окончание. Начало см.: Безопасность в техносфере. 2014, № 4. С. 72–87 (Часть 1), DOI: 10.12737/5308; №5. С. 47–57 (Часть 2), DOI: 10.12737/6024.
3. Совершенствование системы государственного регулирования безопасного использования лазерной продукции
Результатом исследования проблемы биологического действия лазерного излучения и нормирования предельно-допустимых уровней (ПДУ) лазерного излучения стала разработка у нас в стране и за рубежом целостной системы мероприятий, обеспечивающих безопасное для людей использование лазерной техники. Первые попытки системного подхода к вопросам лазерной безопасности были предприняты в США еще в конце 1960-х – 1970-х годах. В 1969 г. вышло «Руководство по единым промышленным правилам или техническим условиям гигиены для лазерных установок», разработанное ACGIH. В 1976 г. в США это «Руководство» заменено на новый нормативный документ: «A Guide for Control of Laser Hazards» (ACGIH, 1976) [68] (далее ACGIH-76).
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15. Rakhmanov B.N., Kibovskiy V.T. O pravovoy otvetstvennosti za sozdanie lazernykh ugroz [On legal responsibility for the creation of laser threats]. Mir transporta [World of Transport]. 2014, I. 1, pp. 146-153.
16. Rakhmanov B.N., Kibovskiy V.T. Metrologicheskoe obespechenie lazernoy bezopasnosti [Metrological support laser safety]. Bezopasnost´ v tekhnosfere [Security in the technosphere]. 2013, I. 12, pp. 3-13.
17. GOST 12.1.040-83. SSBT. Lazernaya bezopasnost´. Obshchie polozheniya [GOST 12.1.040-83. SSBT. Laser safety. General provisions]. (in Russian)
18. Rakhmanov B., Devisilov A., Mitrofanov A., Kibovskiy V. Voprosy tekhnicheskogo regulirovaniya bezopasnogo primeneniya lazernoy apparatury. Chast´ I. Tekhnicheskie reglamenty Tamozhennogo soyuza [Technical Regulation safe use of laser equipment. Part I. The technical regulations of the Customs Union]. Fotonika [Photonics]. 2013, I. 6/42, pp. 46-60.
19. SN № 5804-91. Sanitarnye normy i pravila ustroystva i ekspluatatsii lazerov (Utv. zam. Glavnogo gosudarstvennogo sanitarnogo vracha SSSR 31.07.91 g) [CH number 5804 - 91. Sanitary norms and rules of design and operation of lasers (Approved. Deputy. Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the USSR 07/31/91 g)]. (in Russian)
20. Edinye sanitarno-epidemiologicheskie i gigienicheskie trebovaniya k tovaram, podlezhashchim sanitarnoepidemiologicheskomu nadzoru (kontrolyu) na tamozhennoy granitse i tamozhennoy territorii Tamozhennogo soyuza (Prinyaty Resheniem Komissii Tamozhennogo soyuza ot 28 maya 2010 goda № 299) [Uniform sanitary and epidemiological and hygienic requirements for goods subject to sanitary and epidemiological supervision (control) at the customs border and customs territory of the Customs Union (decision by the Commission of the Customs Union of 28 May 2010 № 299)]. (in Russian)
21. GOST R 50723-94. Lazernaya bezopasnost´. Obshchie trebovaniya bezopasnosti pri razrabotke i ekspluatatsii lazernykh izdeliy [GOST 50723-94 Laser safety. General safety requirements in the design and operation of laser products]. (in Russian)
22. GOST R 12.1.031-2010. SSBT. Lazery. Metody dozimetricheskogo kontrolya lazernogo izlucheniya [GOST 12.1.031-2010 SSBT. Lasers. Dosimetry methods of laser radiation]. (in Russian)
23. Rakhmanov B., Devisilov A., Mitrofanov A., Kibovskiy V. Voprosy tekhnicheskogo regulirovaniya bezopasnogo primeneniya lazernoy apparatury. Chast´ II. Predlozheniya po razrabotke novoy sistemy natsional´nykh standartov po lazernoy bezopasnosti [Technical Regulation safe use of laser equipment. Part II. Proposals for the development of a new system of national standards for laser safety]. Fotonika [Photonics]. 2014, I. 1/43, pp. 28-37.
24. Rakhmanov B.N., Devisilov A.V., Mitrofanov A.V., Kibovskiy V.T. Tridtsatiletniy opyt razrabotki sistemy lazernoy bezopasnosti v Rossii [Thirty years experience in the development of laser safety system in Russia]. Bezopasnost´ truda v promyshlennosti [Safety in Industry]. 2014, I. 1, pp. 33-39.
25. GOST R MEK 60601-2-22 - 2008. Izdeliya meditsinskie elektricheskie. Chast´ 2-22. Chastnye trebovaniya k bezopasnosti pri rabote s khirurgicheskim, kosmeticheskim, terapevticheskim i diagnosticheskim lazernym oborudovaniem [GOST R IEC 60601-2-22-2008 Medical electrical equipment. Part 2-22. Particular requirements for the safe handling of surgical, cosmetic, therapeutic and diagnostic laser equipment]. (in Russian)
26. EN 207:2009/AC:2011. Personal eye-protection - Filters and eye-protectors against laser radiation (laser eye-protectors).
27. EN 208:2009. Personal eye-protection- Eye protectors for adjustment work on lasers and laser systems (laser adjustment eye-protectors).
28. GOST R 12.4.254-2010 (EN 207:1998 + A1:2002). SSBT. Sredstva individual´noy zashchity glaz. Ochki dlya zashchity ot lazernogo izlucheniya. Obshchie tekhnicheskie trebovaniya i metody ispytaniy [GOST 12.4.254-2010 (EN 207: 1998 + A1: 2002). SSBT. Personal eye protection. Glasses for protection from laser radiation. General technical requirements and test methods]. (in Russian)
29. Rakhmanov B.N., Kibovskiy V.T. Normativnoe i pravovoe regulirovanie bezopasnogo primeneniya lazernoy tekhniki [Normative and legal regulation of the safe use of laser technology]. Bezopasnost´ v tekhnosfere [Security in the technosphere]. 2013, № 3, pp. 60-69. DOI:https://doi.org/10.12737/454
30. PR 50.2.025-2002. Dozimetry lazernye. Metodika poverki [OL 50.2.025-2002. Dosimeters laser. Methods of verification].
31. Tekhnicheskiy reglament Tamozhennogo soyuza TR TS 004/2011. O bezopasnosti nizkovol´tnogo oborudovaniya. Prinyat Resheniem Komissii Tamozhennogo soyuza ot 16 avgusta 2011 goda № 768 [Technical Regulations of the Customs Union TR CU 004/2011. On the safety of low voltage equipment. Adopted by the Commission Decision of the Customs Union of 16 August 2011 № 768]. (in Russian)
32. Tekhnicheskiy reglament Tamozhennogo soyuza TR TS 010/2011. O bezopasnosti mashin i oborudovaniya. Prinyat Resheniem Komissii Tamozhennogo soyuza ot 18 oktyabrya 2011 goda № 823 [Technical Regulations of the Customs Union TR CU 010/2011. On the safety of machines and equipment. Adopted by the Commission Decision of the Customs Union of October 18, 2011 № 823]. (in Russian)
