RADIO ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF RUSSIA’S ARCTIC SEAS ENVIRONMENTAL REMEDIATION
Abstract and keywords
Abstract (English):
Some questions related to the Northern Sea Route status are considered in this paper. An analysis of radiation sources influence on environment, biota and human beings in the Arctic region has been carried out, and stages of this influence formation have been allocated. The world practice of ocean disposal is considered, and the information on nuclear and radiation hazardous objects dumped in the northwest Arctic seas has been submitted. The questions connected with lifting of the nuclear submarine K-27 dumped in the Kara Sea and the nuclear submarine “Komsomolets” sunken in the Norwegian Sea have been stated. Data on a modern radio ecological situation in places of dumped nuclear and radiation hazardous objects have been submitted. Such option of marine environment remediation as dumped/sunken objects lifting has been considered. An analysis of existing Russian technologies for lifting of the dumped/sunken objects has been carried out. The conclusions are drawn that the sunken and dumped objects containing spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste, don´t constitute now real radio ecological danger to the population and environment, but they should be considered as sources of potential danger, whose scales and consequences will depend on protective barriers condition and mechanisms of further migration of radioactive materials in marine ecosystems. Regular complex surveys of the most potentially hazardous dumped/sunken objects’ status during joint international scientific and research expeditions should be a first step towards this problem solution.

Keywords:
аrctic region, dumped objects, spent nuclear fuel, radioactive waste, radionuclides.
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1. Введение

Уникальный во многих отношениях Арктический регион играет исключительную роль для планеты в целом и особенно для прилегающих к нему стран. Эта роль определяется тем, что Арктика - богатейший источник сырьевых ресурсов, хорошая перспектива для внутренних и мировых транспортных коммуникаций, основа формирования глобальных климатических и гидрологических процессов в Мировом океане и на планете в целом, обладающая исключительной чувствительностью экологических параметров.

Справедливость вышесказанного подтверждает тот факт, что в 2011 г. в Государственной Думе РФ был разработан проект закона «О Северном морском пути», которым подтверждается статус Северного морского пути (СМП) как исторически сложившейся национальной транспортной коммуникации в арктической зоне, где базируются силы Северного флота РФ, сосредоточены важнейшие предприятия оборонной промышленности России [1]. В январе 2013 г. вступил в силу Федеральный закон № 132-ФЗ «О внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Российской Федерации в части государственного регулирования торгового мореплавания в акватории Северного морского пути» [2].

Закон позволит привести существующую систему управления СМП в соответствие с Морской доктриной РФ для обеспечения национальных интересов в Арктике. Принятие закона должно обеспечить единую систему управления в акватории СМП и создание современной инфраструктуры, обеспечивающей безопасные условия плавания судов, включая навигационно-гидрографическое обеспечение и ледокольную проводку.

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