Moscow, Russian Federation
Borok, Russian Federation
Moskva, Russian Federation
We have investigated statistically the problem of possi-ble impact of the geomagnetic storm sudden com-mencement (SSC) on the global seismic activity. SSC are used as reference points for comparative analysis of seismicity by the method of superposed epoch. We se-lected 405 earthquakes from 1973 to 2010 with M≥5 magnitudes from a representative part of USGS Catalog. The comparative analysis of seismicity was carried out at the intervals of ±60 min relative to the reference point. With a high degree of reliability, it was found that before the reference point the number of earthquakes is noticeably greater than after it. In other words, the global seismicity is suppressed by SSC. We refer to some studies in which the chemical, thermal and force mechanisms of the electromagnetic field action on rocks are discussed. We emphasize the incompleteness of the study concerning the correlation between SSC and earthquakes because we still do not succeed in understanding and interpreting the relationship in terms of physics and mathematics. The study need to be continued to solve this problem of interest and importance.
geomagnetism, seismicity, seismoelectrodynamics, solar-terrestrial relations
ВВЕДЕНИЕ
Наиболее известным и, пожалуй, наиболее ярким примером спорадического воздействия Солнца на Землю является геомагнитная буря, которая развивается в магнитосфере вскоре после солнечной вспышки. Буря начинается с резкого сжатия магнитосферы фронтом межпланетной ударной волны. Магнитный импульс, регистрируемый при этом наземными и орбитальными обсерваториями, называется внезапным началом бури (SSC, storm sudden commencement) [Araki, 1994]. Импульсы SSC иг-рают особую роль при исследовании солнечно-земных связей. В момент SSC в околоземном пространстве формируется специфическая комбинация параметров, которую теоретик использует как начальное условие при решении дифференциальных уравнений, моделирующих МГД-колебания магнитосферы. Для экспериментатора особый интерес представляет тот факт, что SSC можно использовать при статистическом исследовании широкого круга геофизических явлений как надежный репер, четко разделяющий спокойное и возмущенное состояния магнитосферы.
В физике солнечно-земных связей есть ряд необычных проблем, к которым следует отнести возможное воздействие SSC на сейсмическую активность. Необычность состоит в том, что, с одной стороны, априори не существует простых физико-математических представлений о механизмах такого воздействия. С другой стороны, наблюдения свидетельствуют о вероятной модификации региональной [Соболев и др., 2001; Закржевская, Соболев, 2003, 2004] и локальной [Адушкин и др., 2012] сейсмичности после SSC.
Трудность интерпретации наблюдений указывает на необходимость дополнительного экспериментального исследования, чему и посвящена данная работа. Ее отличительной особенностью является то, что мы сосредоточили внимание на глобальной сейсмичности. Это позволило статистически надежно обнаружить еще одно эмпирическое подтверждение связи между SSC и землетрясениями.
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