The research article represents the notion and term “information warfare” taking into consideration numerous scientific schools and developed interpretations with their further classification. The authors also give their own definition of the notion. The adjective use relevance (“false”) in the Russian language information context is linguistically justified unlike the English language context reflecting the notions “false” and “fake” as suitable ones for the language and speech usage. The notion “conflict information” is introduced as a communicative unit with a high pragmatic potential in the spheres of information and political communication. The notions “fake” and “deep fake” are compared. The pragmatic communicative potential of fake information is clarified and developed. The notions and terms diversity based on “fake information”, “fake news” is pointed out within the research article. The authors’ classification of information fakes with distinguishing the corresponding categories and their communicative analysis is provided. The notion “alternative fact” is analyzed from the communicative point of view and contrastive approach usage. Different means of fake information identification are distinguished.
information warfare; conflict information; fake; deep fake; fake information; fake news; alternative fact
1. Belyaev D.P. Razruha v golovah. Informacionnaya voyna protiv Rossii. SPb.: Vehi, 2014. 273 s.
2. Volkovskiy N.L. Istoriya informacionnyh voyn: v 2 ch. SPb.: Most, 2002. 286 s.
3. Il'chenko S.N. Feykovaya zhurnalistika kak element sovremennoy shou-civilizacii. // http://elar.urfu.ru/bitstream/10995/38266/1/journ_staff_2016_28.pdf
4. Issers O.S. Mediafeyki: mezhdu pravdoy i mistifikaciey. // Kommunikativnye issledovaniya. - 2014. - № 2. S. 112-123.
5. Konashev M.B. Nekotorye osobennosti informacionnyh voyn 2014 goda // Cenzura v Rossii: istoriya i sovremennost'. - Vyp. 7. SPb.: Izd-vo Ros. nac. b-ki, 2015. C. 60-88.
6. Kostarev S.V., Efremov O.Yu., Zverev S.E. Koncepciya setecentricheskih voyn v svete doktriny «Edinyy vzglyad 2020». // Voennaya mysl'. - 2014. - № 1. S. 60.
7. Lisichkin V.A., Shelepin L.A. Tret'ya mirovaya (informacionno-psihologicheskaya) voyna. M.: Dialog, 1999. 368 s.
8. Manoylo A.V. Informacionnye voyny i psihologicheskie operacii. Rukovodstvo k deystviyu. M.: Goryachaya liniya - Telekom, 2018. 496 s.
9. Panarin I.N. Informacionnaya voyna za buduschee Rossii. M.: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 2008. 328 s.
10. Panarin I.N. Pervaya mirovaya informacionnaya voyna. Razval SSSR. SPb.: Mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 2011. 263 s.
11. Pochepcov G.G. Informacionno-psihologicheskaya voyna. M.: Refl-buk, 2000. 362 s.
12. Tkachenko S.V. Informacionnaya voyna protiv Rossii. SPb.: List-buk, 2011. 218 s.
13. Clausewitz C.V. On war. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989. 732 p.
14. Collins English Dictionary. Glasgow: HarperCollins, 2018. 1643 p.
15. Greydina N.L. Globalization processes in Russian mass media: prospects and consequences. In: Populism, media, politics, and immigration in a globalized world. Madrid: Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 2018. P. 16-25.
16. http://www.consultant.ru/law/hotdocs/57186.html/
17. https://www.dp.ru/a/2017/11/02/Tolkovij_slovar_Collins
18. https://www.dw.com/a-42196619-0
19. https://www.golos-ameriki.ru/a/word-of-the-year-2017/4098833.html
20. http://www.gop.com/the-highly-anticipated-2017-fake-news-awards
21. https://www.lawfareblog.com/donald-trumps-statements
22. https://pasmi.ru/archive/229966/?spush=dGFyYW5vdkBuZXdpenYucnU=%20
23. https://rtvi.com/noise/505/
24. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/0/fake-news-exactly-has-really-had-influence/
25. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2019/06/fake-news-republicans-democrats/591211/
27. http://welar.urfu.ru/bitstream/10995/38266/1/journ_staff_2016_28.pdf
28. twitter.com/realDonaldTrump
