Russian Federation
GRNTI 76.03 Медико-биологические дисциплины
GRNTI 76.33 Гигиена и эпидемиология
OKSO 14.04.02 Ядерные физика и технологии
OKSO 31.06.2001 Клиническая медицина
OKSO 31.08.08 Радиология
OKSO 32.08.12 Эпидемиология
BBK 51 Социальная гигиена и организация здравоохранения. Гигиена. Эпидемиология
BBK 534 Общая диагностика
TBK 5708 Гигиена и санитария. Эпидемиология. Медицинская экология
TBK 5712 Медицинская биология. Гистология
TBK 5734 Медицинская радиология и рентгенология
TBK 6212 Радиоактивные элементы и изотопы. Радиохимия
The review examines the general principles of capacitive electromagnetic hyperthermia (EMHT), the distribution of electromagnetic energy in various experimental models and in patients’ tumors, the design features of applicators from various capacitive hyperthermic systems and their role in achieving hyperthermic mode in tumors of deep localization. In classical capacitive EMHT, the main obstacle in achieving the required temperature in such tumors is overheating of the subcutaneous fatty tissue under the electrodes. For some capacitive hyperthermic systems, the heating of adipose tissues is enhanced due to the fact that the applicator design does not conform to certain technical requirements. In capacitive EMHT at frequencies of 8–13.56 MHz, obtaining the minimum hyperthermic mode is possible with output powers of 500–800 W, maximum – 1000–1200 W and above. The results of the use of various hyperthermic capacitive systems in patients with malignant tumors of internal organs are analyzed.
radiation therapy, thermoradiotherapy, electromagnetic fields, hyperthermia, capacitive devices
Introduction
Experimental and clinical studies have shown that loсo-regional hyperthermia (LRHT) at temperatures of 40–46 °C is a powerful adjuvant of radio- (RT), chemo- (CT) and chemoradiotherapy (CRT). This is explained by the variety of its biological actions: direct cell kill, radio-, chemo- and immunomodulation, as well as suppressing the development of drug resistance of tumor cells [1–17]. In most studies, the dependence of the results of hyperthermia (HT) on the temperature level and the duration of heating, i.e. on the heat dose, has been demonstrated [8, 18–23]. For LRHT, electromagnetic field (EMF) in the microwave and radio frequency range is mainly used. With EMHT, the intensity of heat generation and the temperature distribution depends on the dielectric and thermodynamic properties of the tissues, the blood perfusion, and the method of heating. Therefore, there is a variation in temperature in the heated volume of tissue and it may change during the HT session. Thermometry is mainly carried out by invasive methods, by introduction of thermal sensors into the tumor. In clinical conditions however, this method of thermometry does not allow the evaluation of the quality of treatment very well, since the number of thermometry sensors introduced into the tumor is limited, and temperature indicators are largely dependent on their location.
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