Voronezh, Voronezh, Russian Federation
Voronezh, Voronezh, Russian Federation
Voronezh, Voronezh, Russian Federation
Na primere krupnogo gorodsko lesnogo massiva, s maksimal'nym raznoobraziem aborigennyh i introducirovannyh drevesnyh porod, kakim yavlyaetsya botanicheskiy sad im. prof. B.M. Kozo-Polyanskogo VGU izuchen imeyuschiysya na nih nabor patologiy i oceneno ih sostoyanie. V celom sostoyanie derev'ev botanicheskogo sada nahoditsya na grane perehoda ot «oslablennogo» k «sil'no oslablennomu». Iz uchastkov v naihudshem lesopatologicheskom sostoyanii nahoditsya severnaya dubrava, a v nailuchshem bayrachnaya dubrava. V drevesnom soobschestve uchastkov, gde byli vysazheny introducenty, idet aktivnaya ih zamena na aborigennye drevesnye vidy. Uzhe ih sootnoshenie 1/8 v pol'zu poslednih. Osnovnymi priznakami patologiyami, obnaruzhennymi na drevesnyh introducentah byli usohshie vershiny i skeletnye vetvi (11,5%), patologicheskie formy stvola (7,8%) i plodovye tela derevorazrushayuschih gribov (4,1%). Lidiruyuschimi patologiyami u aborigennyh porod, v otlichie okazalis' patologicheskie anomalii formy stvola (sil'nyy naklon, izgib, srastanie i mnogostvolie) – 31,7%, usyhanie vershiny i skeletnyh vetvey – 22,4%, i sil'naya izrezhennost' krony – 10,9%. V nasazhdeniyah ne zafiksirovano povyshennoy plotnosti populyaciy entomo- i fitobolezney, ugrozhayuschih naneseniem suschestvennyh povrezhdeniy drevostoyu botanicheskogo sada. Iz vrediteley listvennyh porod naibolee rasprostraneny zelenaya dubovaya i boyaryshnikovaya listovertki (Tortrix viridana i Archips crataegana). Na hvoynyh porodah vyshe fonovogo urovnya plotnosti populyaciy byli otmechen obyknovennyy sosnovyy pilil'schik (Diprion pini), sosnovaya pyadenica (Fidonia piniaria) i shelkopryad monashenka (Limantria monacha). Neposredstvennoe primykanie k botanicheskomu sadu plotnyh mnogoetazhnyh gorodskih postroek i otnositel'no vysokaya rekreacionnaya nagruzka (5,3 chel/ga/den') nesomnenno, okazyvayut na nasazhdeniya botanicheskogo sada negativnoe, no poka ne fatal'noe vozdeystvie.
Gorodskie nasazhdeniya, patologiya derev'ev, patologicheskoe sostoyanie nasazhdeniy, botanicheskiy sad, entomovrediteli i fitobolezni derev'ev, kategorii sostoyaniya derev'ev
1. Bugaev V.A. Dubravy lesostepi [Oak forest-steppe]. Voronezh: VGLTA, 2013, 247 p.
2. Voronin A.A. Botanicheskiy sad im. prof. B.M. Kozo-Polyanskogo Voronezhskogo gosuniversiteta: nauchnyy, obrazovatel'nyy i ekskursionno-prosvetitel'skie resursy [Botanical Garden. prof. B.M. Kozo-Polyansky Voronezh State University: scientific, educational and excursion-educational resources]. Voronezh: «Roza vetrov», 2014, 140 p.
3. Gorobets A.I. Sistema ekologo-sanitarnykh meropriyatiy po zashchite ot vrediteley i bolezney drevesno-kustarnikovykh tsenozov botanicheskogo sada im. prof. B.M. Kozo-Polyanskogo Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [The system of ecological and sanitary measures for protection against pests and diseases of woody and shrubby cenoses of the Botanical Garden named after. prof. B.M. Kozo-Polyansky Voronezh State University]. Voronezh: VGLTU, 2016, 152 p.
4. Karasev V.N. Urboekologiya i monitoring gorodskoy sredy: uchebnoe posobie [Urboecology and monitoring of the urban environment: a tutorial]. Yoshkar-Ola: MGTU, 2009, 184 p.
5. Pisarenko A.I. Lesnoe khozyaystvo Rossii: natsional'noe i global'noe znachenie [Forestry in Russia: National and Global Significance]. Moscow: MGUL, 2011, 600 p.
6. Rukovodstvo po planirovaniyu, organizatsii i provedeniyu lesopatologicheskogo obsledovaniya [A guide to planning, organizing and conducting a forest pathology survey]. Prilozhenie k prikazu Federal'nogo agentstva lesnogo khozyaystva №159 ot 15.05.2015 [Prilozhenie k prikazu Federal'nogo agentstva lesnogo khozyaystva №159 ot 05/15/2015]. Moscow: VNIITslesresurs, 2015, 73 p.
7. Tsaralunga V.V. Sanitarnye rubki v dubravakh: obosnovanie i optimizatsiya [Sanitary felling in oak forests: justification and optimization]. Moscow: MGUL, 2003, 240 p.
8. Tsaralunga V.V. Issledovanie patologiy v razvitii biotsenozov botanicheskogo sada im. prof. B.M. Kozo-Polyanskogo Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Study of pathologies in the development of biocenoses of the Botanical Garden. prof. B.M. Kozo-Polyansky Voronezh State University]. Voronezh: VGLTU, 2016, 203 p.
9. Fensom D.S. The bioelectric potentials of plants and their functional significance. Canad. J. of Bot. 1993. Vol. 4, N 6. pp. 41-49.
10. Houston D.R. Diagnosing and preventing dieback and declines. Morton Arbor. Quart. 1994. Vol. 42, N 1. pp. 1-21.
11. Zhidkov V. and Gornostaeva Z. Transformation of International Standards of Nutrition due to Increasing Demand for Ecologically Clean Production. Indian Journal of Science and Technology. Vol 9(29), DOI:https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i29/89836, August 2016.
