Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
GRNTI 68.47 Лесное хозяйство
The parameters of the leaf apparatus of reproductively mature trees of five species from different sections of the poplar genus, most frequently encountered in urban plantings of Nizhny Novgorod, are investigated. Chinese poplar (Populus Simonii Carr.), white poplar (Populus alba L.), laurel poplar (Populus laurifolia Ledeb.), black poplar (Populus nigra L.), balsampoplar (Populus balsamifera L.). The methodological basis of the study was based on the principles of the only logical difference, suitability and expediency of the experiment. Along with the signs of direct account in the scheme of the experiment, derivative features are introduced that give a quantitative evaluation of the shape and an indirect estimate of the area of leaf blades. Statistical, correlation and regression analysis were used according to the generally accepted schemes. Representatives of the poplar genus in the urban plantations of the Middle Volga region form a leaf apparatus, that exhibits a variability in the basic morphological characteristics. Varying the linear parameters corresponds to the low and medium level of the Mamaev scale, which was steadily manifested in all the species studied. The coefficients of variation in the length of the leaf blade were from 12.05% (P. laurifolia) to 20.85% (P. alba). Correlation of the length and width of the leaf blades corresponds to the high closeness of the Cheddock connection, and their connection with estimates of the area of the leaf surface is very high and fixed at comparable levels. Dependence of changes in one index of the leaf apparatus on the nature of variation of the other adequately describes the equations of a straight line. Correlation and regression analyzes did not reveal a reliable relationship between the length of the leaf blade and its shape, which is recorded in all variants of the experiment. The indifference of the shape of the leaf blade indicates the stability of its manifestations within the species and determines the expediency of applying this index in solving classification and identification problems when forming the range of plantings.
poplar, lamina, chard, linear parameters, correlation, regression.
Оптимизация компонентов городской среды длительное время остается в числе наиболее актуальных задач в большинстве современных урбоэкосистем, не снижает своей значимости в городах Среднего Поволжья и Нижегородской области в их числе. Наряду с действенными мерами, направленными на решения указанных задач, лежащих в плоскости архитектуры и градостроительства, городской транспортной логистики и инженерной инфраструктуры, результативным средством улучшения параметров городской среды и приведения их к нормам комфортности выступают системы городских насаждений. Эффективность выполнения ими своих декоративно-эстетических и санитарно-гигиенических функций во много определяется рациональным выбором ассортимента видов деревьев и кустарников. Соответствие их биологии существующим почвенно-климатическим условиям рассматривают как залог устойчивости, долговечности и утилитарности создаваемых таким путем посадок.
В составе лесопарков, парковых зон и других категорий объектов озеленения населенных мест традиционно и достаточно широко представлены многочисленные виды и декоративные формы рода тополь (Populus L.). Будучи хорошо адаптированными к экологическому фону Среднего Поволжья [1], обладая высокими темпами роста в сочетании с уникальным комплексом полезных признаков и свойств [2–4], они неизменно вызывают интерес со стороны отечественных ученых-лесоводов [5, 6]. Систематическое и многоплановое изучение тополей, как весьма перспективных в хозяйственном отношении растений на протяжении многих лет, осуществляется во многих зарубежных странах: Казахстане [7–9], Италии [10], Китае [11], США [12], Канаде [13–15], Иране [16], Бельгии [17] и многих других. Их хозяйственное использование весьма разнообразно, в связи с чем широко освещается создание коротко-ротационных, биоэнергетических и экспериментальных плантаций [12, 16, 17, 18], использование генно-модифицированных тополей [19], микроклональное размножение [20], переработка древесины, в том числе в целлюлозном производстве [2, 15], устойчивость к болезням и неблагоприятным зимним факторам [3, 14], внутривидовая и межвидовая гибридизация [5, 21], генетические аспекты селекции на продуктивность и адаптация [10, 11, 16, 22], внутри- и межклоновая изменчивость по широкому спектру признаков и свойств [9, 10, 23]. В контексте перечисленных вопросов последовательно ведется детальное изучение разнообразных характеристик листового аппарата относительно его морфологии, физиологии, активности фотосинтеза и других показателей [24–26].
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