Moskva, Moscow, Russian Federation
The essence of the risk is given, which refers to the actions or inactions of a person or a social group in conditions of uncertainty and awareness of a possible danger, as well as the knowledge that success will lead to the intended benefit, and failure to the alleged damage. The following types of risk are identified and described: justified and unjustified (adventurism), active and passive, selfless and self-serving, big and small, real and imaginary, autorisk and heterorisk. The concept of "risk threshold" is defined, which means the limit of the alleged danger, after which there is a rejection of risky actions. The correlation of the concepts "risk", "danger", "reliability" is revealed. The inevitability and progressiveness of risk in the development of new facilities and new activities is shown.
risk, types of risk, risk threshold, scale of risk, inevitability of risk, danger, reliability.
Риски существуют практически во всех сферах человеческой деятельности: в труде, сохранении здоровья, быту, личных и общественных делах, отдыхе, развлечениях, на транспорте, в спорте, бизнесе, политике, военном деле.
1. Bekhmann G. Sotsial'no-filosofskie i metodologicheskie problemy obrashcheniya s tekhnologicheskimi riskami v sovremennom obshchestve (Debaty o tekhnologicheskikh riskakh v sovremennoy zapadnoy literature) [Socio-philosophical and methodological problems of handling technological risks in modern society (Debates on technological risks in modern Western literature)]. Voprosy filosofii [Issues of Philosophy]. 2012, I. 8, pp. 127-136.
2. Dal' V. Riskovan'e (risk) [Risk (risk)]. Tolkovyy slovar' zhivago velikorusskogo yazyka Vladimira Dalya [Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language of Vladimir Dal]. Moscow, Russkiy yazyk Publ., 980, V. 4, p. 96.
3. Efimovskikh V.S. Riski v sovremennom obshchestve: sotsial'no-filosofskiy analiz. Kand. Diss. [Risks in modern society: socio-philosophical analysis. Cand. Diss.]. Ufa, 2009. 156 p.
4. Il'in E.P. Psikhologiya riska [Psychology of risk]. St. Petersburg, Piter Publ., 2012. 267 p.
5. Kon I. Mal'chik - otets muzhchiny [Mal'chik - father of a man]. Moscow, Vremya Publ., 2009. 704 p.
6. Luman N. Ponyatie riska [The concept of risk]. TESIS [TESIS]. 1994, I. 5, pp. 135-160.
7. Niazashvili A.G. Individual'nye razlichiya sklonnosti k risku v razlichnykh sotsial'nykh situatsiyakh razvitiya lichnosti. Kand. Diss. [Individual differences in the propensity to risk in various social situations of personality development. Cand. Diss.]. Moscow, Moskovskii gumanitarniy un-t Publ., 2007. 26 p.
8. Ozhegov S.I. Risk [Risk]. Slovar' russkogo yazyka S.I.Ozhegova [Dictionary of the Russian language by S.I. Ozhegov]. Moscow, Russkiy yazyk Publ., 1990, p. 678.
9. Paskal' B. Mysli [Mysli]. Moscow, im. Sabashnikovykh Publ., 1995. 480 p.
10. Samsonkina E.A. Sotsial'nye riski v sovremennom rossiyskom obshchestve [Social risks in the modern Russian society]. Aktual'nye voprosy obshchestvennykh nauk: sotsiologiya, politologiya, filosofiya, istoriya [Actual questions of social sciences: sociology, political science, philosophy, history]. 2014, I. 41-42, pp. 57-63.
11. Siyak I. Skott protiv Amundsena: istoriya pokoreniya Yuzhnogo polyusa [Scott vs. Amundsen: The History of the Conquest of the South Pole]. Available at: https://birdinflight.com/ru/vdohnovenie/opyt/scott-protiv-amundsen-istoriya-pokoreniya-yuzhnogo-polyusa.html (accessed 06 June 2017).
12. Shaboltas A.V. Riskovannoe povedenie [Risky behavior]. Moscow, Prospekt Publ., 2009, pp. 502-505.
13. Yanykhbash A.V. Vzaimosvyaz' riskovannogo povedeniya s psikhologicheskimi kharakteristikami lichnosti. Kand. Diss. [Interrelation of risky behavior with the psychological characteristics of the individual. Cand. Diss.]. Moscow, Institut psikhologii RAN Publ., 2013. 24 p.
14. Bostrom N. Existential Risks. Analyzing Human Extinction Scenarios and Related Hazards [Elektronnyy resurs]. Available at: http://www.nickbostrom.com/existential/risks.html (accessed 06 June 2017).
15. Lopez L.L. BetweenHope and Fear: The Psychology of Risk [Text] // Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. 1987. Vol. 20. Pp. 255-295.
16. Stoner J. Risky and cautious shifts and group decisions [Text] // Journal of Experimental and Social Psychology. 1968. Vol. 4. Pp. 442-459.
