Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
employee
Russian Federation
Systematic approach to implementation of activities for conservation, protection, reproduction and use of forests historically appeared in the Russian forestry science in the late XIX century – early XX century. In practice of forestry and forest management planning activities was traditionally carried out by separate types. This often leads to loss of effect, obtained at a certain stage of forest regeneration. In the eighties of the XX century methodological basis for creation of regional systems of forest management activities, and, for individual regions, practical recommendations for the use of such systems was developed. However, this also led to the transition to system planning, design and implementation of interventions in practice. In current socio-ecological-economic and legislative conditions, methodical approach of implementation at the zonal-landscape- forest typologic basis of priority and target systems of silvicultural activities (PTSSA) is developed. PTSSA are based on silvicultural developments of the 80-ies of the last century, developed taking into account increased demands of differentiation of silvicultural systems, respectively, the diversity of target purpose of forests, conservation of biodiversity, sustainable management of forests. Significant expansion of differentiation systems of silvicultural projects purpose, especially protective forests, is provided. The achievement of the goal is ensured through the preparation of guidance document on creation of PTSSA, making changes in forest management instruction, defining mandatory application of measures in accordance with the developed system in the design, and making changes in legal documents - requirements for implementation of activities in accordance with design of system. While limits for possible use of tolerance terms, regulations, and other indicators of changing conditions , but within providing target, current and final, results are set. Basic provisions can be a source for preparation of other documents that have a specific functional purpose of planning and designing activities for protection, protection, reproduction and use of forests.
system of silvicultural activities, forest inventory design, main principles of maintenance (design) and use of forests.
Введение, постановка задачи Несмотря на то что системный подход к осуществлению мероприятий содержания (охраны, защиты, воспроизводства) и использования лесов1 исторически сложился в российской лесоводственной науке еще в конце XIX в. – начале XX в. [5, 6], в практической деятельности лесного хозяйства и лесопользования на протяжении всего прошлого столетия господствовал противоположный подход – планирования и осуществления вполне самостоятельно каждого отдельного мероприятия, что часто приводило к утрате в конечном результате лесовыращивания получаемого на определенной стадии эффекта.
___
1 Установленный Лесным кодексом РФ 2006 г. термин «использование лесов» применяется традиционно и для обозначения лесопользования (не включающего использование лесов, не связанное с ведением лесного хозяйства, в т.ч. созданием лесной инфраструктуры).
1. Zheldak V.I., Kulagin A.A., Sidorenkov V.M. Osnovnyye kontseptual'nyye polozheniya «Intensifikatsii prakticheskogo lesovodstva» v nachale XXI veka [[The main conceptual provisions of "Intensification of Practical Forestry" at the Beginning of the XXI Century]. Innovatsii i tekhnologii v lesnom khozyaystve - 2013. Materialy III Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii, 22-24 maya 2013 g., Sankt-Peterburg, FBU «SPbNIILM». [Innovations and technologies in forestry - 2013. Materials of the III International Scientific and Practical Conference, May 22-24, 2013, St. Petersburg, FBU "SPbNIILM"]. Part 1. St. Petersburg: SPbNIILH. - 2013. - P. 215-223. (In Russian).
2. Konventsiya o biologicheskom raznoobrazii. 5.06.1992. Federal'nyy zakon «O ratifikatsii konventsii o biologicheskom raznoobrazii». 17.02.95 № 16-FZ. [Convention on Biological Diversity. 5.06.1992. Federal Law "On Ratification of the Convention on Biological Diversity". 17.02.95 № 16-FZ.] (In Russian).
3. Lesnoy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 04.12.2006 № 200-FZ. [Forest Code of the Russian Federation of 04.12.2006 No. 200-FZ.]. http://www.consultant.ru/ (In Russian).
4. Moiseyev N. A., Pobedinskiy A. V. Zonal'nyye sistemy vosproizvodstva lesnykh resursov [Zone systems of forest resources reproduction]/ Lesn. Household. - 1986. - No. 10. - P. 15-19. (In Russian).
5. Morozov G. F. Izbrannyye trudy [Selected Works]. T. 1. - M., 1970. - 460 p. ) (In Russian).
6. Orlov M. M. Lesoupravleniye kak ispolneniye lesoustroitel'nogo planirovaniya [Lesopravlenie as execution of forest management planning]. - L .: Lesn. Household and forest. Industrial production, 1930. - 491 p. (In Russian).
7. Osnovy gosudarstvennoy politiki v oblasti ispol'zovaniya, okhrany, zashchity i vosproizvodstva lesov v Rossiyskoy Federatsii na period do 2030 goda. Rasporyazheniye Pravitel'stva RF ot 26.09.2013 N 1724-r. [Bases of the state policy in the field of use, protection, protection and reproduction of forests in the Russian Federation for the period until 2030. Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of 26.09.2013 N 1724-r.]. http://www.consultant.ru/ (In Russian).
8. Pisarenko A.I. Vsemirnyye lesokhozyaystvennyye kongressy: ot predystorii FAO do sovremennykh problem lesnogo khozyaystva. Pamyatnyye nauchnyye zapiski. [World forestry congresses: from the prehistory of FAO to modern forestry issues. Memorable scientific notes]. - M., 2016. - 408 p. (In Russian).
9. Pobedinskiy A.V. Sistemy vedeniya lesnogo khozyaystva na zonal'no-tipologicheskoy osnove [Forest management systems on a zonal-typological basis]. - Moscow, CNTIleshoz, 1983. - 36 p. (In Russian).
10. Zheldak V. I., Sidorenkov V. M., Trushina I. G., Doroshchenkova E. V. Sovershenstvovaniye organizatsii soderzhaniya i ispol'zovaniya lesov [Improving the organization of forest maintenance and use]. Lesohoz. Inform .: electron. Network log. - 2016.-№ 3. - P. 5-17. URL: http: // lhi.vniilm.ru/ ) (In Russian).
11. Strakhov V.V., Pisarenko A.I., Borisov V.A. Globalizatsiya lesnogo khozyaystva [Globalization of forestry]. - M., 2001. - 400 p. (In Russian).
12. Christopher Reyer, Johann Bachinger, Ralf Bloch, Fred F. Hattermann, Pierre L. Ibisch, Stefan Kreft, Petra Lasch, Wolfgang Lucht, Christoph Nowicki, Peter Spathelf, Manfred Stock, Martin Welp Climate change adaptation and sustainable regional development: a case study for the Federal State of Brandenburg, Germany.Regional Environmental Change. September 2012, Volume 12, Issue 3, pp. 523-542.
13. J. John Stadt, Jim Schieck, Harry A. Stelfox Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Program - Monitoring Effectiveness of Sustainable Forest Management Planning. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. October 2006, Volume 121, Issue 1, pp. 33-46.
14. J. Peter Hall Criteria and Indicators of Sustainable Forest Management. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. February 2001, Volume 67, Issue 1, pp. 109-119.
15. Juan Manuel Torres-Rojo, Rafael Moreno-Sánchez, Martín Alfonso Mendoza-Briseño Sustainable Forest Management in Mexico. Current Forestry Reports. June 2016, Volume 2, Issue 2, pp. 93-105.
16. Leah L. Bremer Kathleen, Kathleen A. Farley Does plantation forestry restore biodiversity or create green deserts? A synthesis of the effects of land-use transitions on plant species richness. Journal: Biodiversity and Conservation - Biodivers conserv , vol. 19, no. 14, pp. 3893-3915, 2010.
17. Mirjam Milad, Harald Schaich, Werner Konold How is adaptation to climate change reflected in current practice of forest management and conservation? A case study from Germany. Biodiversity and Conservation. May2013, Volume 22, Issue 5, pp. 1181-1202.
