Ekaterinburg, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
g. Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
Plantions of pleurocarpous moss spruce forest type are dominant in the area of coniferous-deciduous (mixed) forests of the European part of the Russian Federation in Perm region. The problem of drying of spruce forests has aggravated dramatically in recent years. However, among scientists there is no consensus on the causes of the drying of spruce forests, which hinders the development of recommendations on improvement of forest management in spruce forests. In this regard spruce plantations in Perm region are not exceptions. On the basis of acts of forest pathology survey, drying of pleurocarpous moss spruce forest with different composition of forest stands is analyzed. The drying area for the period from 2010 to 2016 at Ocherskoe forestry in Perm region (forest area of coniferous-deciduous (mixed) forests of the European part of the Russian Federation) is mapped to a planted area of pleurocarpous moss spruce forest of different species composition. It was found that there was no drying out spots for the analyzed period in plantings of pleurocarpous moss spruce forest with a mixture of softwood species. As well as stands with admixture of fir and birch are characterized by high resistance. Among the identified drying out spots of spruce the most represented are plantations which contain of spruce, fir and pine (28.1 % of the total area of drying out spots), as well as spruce, fir, pine and birch (22.56 % of the total area of drying out spots). Data on the influence of the composition of the forest on mortality of spruce in the conditions of pleurocarpous moss spruce forest can be used in forming thinnings, as well as creation of forest crops.
Perm region, spruce forests, pleurocarpous moss spruce forest, composition of forest stand, drying, forest pathology examination.
В лесоводственной литературе всегда большое внимание уделяли формированию состава древостоев. При этом большинство авторов сходилось во мнении о преимуществе смешанных насаждений над чистыми [1-5]. В работах отмечалось, что совместное произрастание способствует лучшему использованию потенциального почвенного плодородия и позволяет создать насаждения, более устойчивые против неблагоприятных природных и антропогенных факторов [6-7]. Не следует также забывать, что создание смешанных насаждений способствует увеличению биоразнообразия и обеспечивает повышение рекреационной привлекательности [8-11]. В то же время ряд авторов отмечает, что чистые по составу насаждения в ряде случаев не только не уступают, но даже превосходят смешанные по производительности [12-13]. Другими словами, в научной литературе нет единого мнения о наиболее целесообразном составе насаждений. Последнее объясняется особенностями природных условий районов исследований, различиями в целевом назначении лесов и спецификой биологических особенностей древесных пород. В последние десятилетия наблюдается массовое усыхание еловых насаждений как в нашей стране, так и за ее пределами. В то же время работ, посвященных изучению усыхания насаждений различного породного состава, в научной литературе практически нет, что и определило направление наших исследований.
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