REACTION OF SPRING WHEAT IREN ON ABIOTIC CONDITIONS WITH CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GRAIN
Abstract and keywords
Abstract (English):
The problem of the chemical composition of fruits and seeds of field crops, depending on abiotic conditions, requires further investigation and is an urgent task. The aim of the research was to study the reaction of spring wheat Iren to abiotic conditions by the chemical composition of the grain. The research tasks are to determine the chemical composition of grain by 70 elements; to reveal differences in the content of chemical elements in grains, grown in various abiotic conditions. The object of research is the grains of spring wheat of Iren variety. Samples of Iren spring wheat grains of 2014 and 2015 years harvest were taken to determine the content of 70 chemical elements Agricultural consumers’ co-operative named after Michurin of Vavozhskiy district of the Udmurt Republic. The content of 70 chemical elements in grain was determined in the Analytical Certified Testing Center (ACTC) of All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Mineral Raw Materials named after N.M. Fedorovskiy (VIMS). The analysis method is mass-spectral with inductively coupled plasma (MS) + atomic emission with inductively coupled plasma (AE) according to the NSAM technique №512-MS. The reaction of Irene spring wheat to abiotic conditions was expressed by a different content of 45 chemical elements in the grains. The concentration of 25 chemical elements in the grain over the years of research did not differ. Grain, grown in the abiotic conditions of 2014, contained more lithium, boron, sodium, aluminum, calcium, vanadium, chromium, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, germanium, arsenic, selenium, rubidium, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, palladium, tin, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, iridium, mercury, lead, thorium. In the abiotic conditions of 2015, the grains had a higher content of magnesium - by 255.3, silicon by 6.1, phosphorus by 738.8, sulfur by 153.2, potassium by 871.9, titanium by 6 , 23, manganese - by 19.4, iron - by 9.6 μg / g, relative to similar indicators in the grain crop of 2014.

Keywords:
spring wheat, Iren variety, chemical elements, abiotic conditions
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Исследования химического состава зерна яровой пшеницы было объектом изучения многих ученых. Однако, И. Ш. Фатыховым [1] впервые было установлено, что содержание общего азота в зерне яровой пшеницы Стрела зависит не только от дозы азотных удобрений, но и от метеорологических условий вегетационного периода. В засушливых условиях вегетационного периода зерновки яровой пшеницы Стрела имели более высокое содержание азота.

В. Г. Колесникова [2] не выявила различий в содержании железа, марганца, меди и кобальта в пленчатых зерновках овса Улов, выращенных в разных абиотических условиях. Однако, Е. В. Корепанова [3, 4], И. Ш. Фатыхов [5, 6, 7, 8], Я. Н. Сундукова [9], В.Н. Гореева [10] установили, что содержание химических элементов в соломе и в семенах льна-долгунца зависит от абиотических условий вегетационного периода.

В исследованиях кафедры растениеводства Ижевской ГСХА [11] было выявлено, что элементный состав семян гороха Аксайский усатый 55 зависит от метеорологических условий вегетационного периода. В результате исследований было выявлено, что в относительно благоприятном по абиотическим условиям 2011 г., семена гороха имели наибольшее содержание бора, магния, фосфора, железа, цинка и молибдена.

Таким образом, проблема химического состава плодов и семян полевых культур в зависимости от абиотических условий требует дальнейшего исследования и является актуальной задачей.

Цель исследований: изучить реакцию яровой пшеницы Ирень на абиотические условия химическим составом зерна.

Задачи исследований:

определить химический состав зерна по 70 элементам;

выявить различия по содержанию химических элементов в зерновках, выращенных в различных абиотических условиях.

Условия, материалы и методы исследований. Объект исследований – зерновки яровой пшеницы Ирень. Для определения содержания 70 химических элементов были взяты образцы зерна яровой пшеницы Ирень урожая 2014 г. и 2015 г. в СХПК им. Мичурина Вавожского района Удмуртской Республики.

 

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