The article deals with the transformation of social relations in Tajikistan in the historical and contemporary context. There are an explanation of the basic concepts, of which the term "avlod" is key, the analysis of causality that led to the synthesis of the traditional and the post-Soviet social institutions in the local community in the text. The authors investigate structure of the society in Tajikistan, his horizontal and vertical categories, understanding of their identity in the local society. The questions of effective public administration and traditional authorities in Tajikistan, the reasons of neotraditionalism and a problem of social stratification of territorial communities are considered.
modernization, social institutes, "avlod", social stratification,social socialites in Tajikistan.
Примечательной чертой общества современного Таджикистана явилось то, что процессы, происходившие в хозяйственно-экономическом укладе республики в XX в. (в том числе аграрно-индустриальная модель экономики), обусловили сохранение и консервацию ряда системообразующих характеристик социума, характерных для докапиталистического уклада, что позволяет ряду исследователей говорить в данном случае о неотрадиционализме. В условиях кризисных явлений в новейшей истории Таджикистана проблемы социальной стратификации и идентификации территориальных сообществ становятся важнейшими вопросами социогуманитарных исследований.
1. Abashin S.N. «Ok-suyak» - musul´manskaya elita Tsentral´noy Azii. ["Oak suyak" - Muslim elite of Central Asia]. Tsentral´naya Aziya i Kavkaz [Central Asia and Caucasus]. 2000, I. 6, pp. 73-82. Available at: http://www.ca-c.org/journal/2000/journal_rus/ cac6-2000/08.abash.shtml
2. Basov V.V., Polyakov G.A. Afganistan: trudnye sud´by revolyutsii [Afghanistan: the difficult fate of the revolution]. Moscow, Znanie Publ., 1988. 64 p.
3. Bobokhonov R.S. Tadzhikistan (XX vek). Upadok i vozrozhdenie traditsionalizma [Tajikistan (XX c.). Decline and revival of traditionalism]. Moscow, «TsTsRI RAN» Publ., 2010. 144 p.
4. Bobokhonov R.S. «Muzhskie kluby» kak institut grazhdanskogo obshchestva v Tadzhikistane (XX v.) ["Men´s Club" as an institution of civil society in Tajikistan (XX c.)]. Politika i Obshchestvo [Politics and Society]. 2012, I. 5, pp. 55-66.
5. Bobokhonov R.S. Istoriya «muzhskikh klubov» v Tadzhikistane [The history of "men´s clubs" in Tajikistan]. Available at: http:// www.centrasia.ru/newsA.php?st=1440626040/
6. Bushkov V.I. Muzhskie ob"edineniya v Ferganskoy doline v KhKh stoletii: printsipy organizatsii i transformatsionnye prot-sessy [Men´s associations in the Ferghana Valley in the twentieth century: the principles of organization and transformation processes]. Etnograficheskoe obozrenie [Ethnographic Review]. 2002, I. 2, pp. 58-68.
7. Bushkov V.I., Mikul´skiy D.V. Anatomiya Grazhdanskoy voyny v Tadzhikistane (etno-sotsial´nye protsessy i politicheskaya bor´ba, 1992-1995) [Anatomy of a civil war in Tajikistan (ethno-social processes and political struggle of 1992-1995)]. Moscow, 1996. Available at: http://www.ca-c.org/datarus/st_08_bush.shtml/
8. Dodkhudoeva L.N. Tadzhikistan: sotsiokul´turnyy kod epokhi i publichnyy islam [Tajikistan: sociocultural code epoch and public Islam]. Vlast´ [The Power]. 2014, I. 9, pp. 162-167.
9. Dubovitskiy V.V. Osobennosti etnicheskoy i konfessional´noy situatsii v Respublike Tadzhikistan [Features of ethnic and religious situation in the Republic of Tajikistan]. Available at: http://cge. evrazia.org/sng_5.shtml/
10. Ignatenko A.A. Khalify bez Khalifata. Islamskie nepravitel´stvennye religiozno-politichesike organizatsii na Blizhnem Vostoke: istoriya, ideologicheskaya deyatel´nost´ [Khalifa without Caliphate. Non-Islamic religious organizations politichesike in the Middle East: History, ideological activities]. Moscow, «Nauka» Publ., 1988. 207 p.
11. Kadyrov Sh. Etnologiya upravleniya v Sredney Azii: vchera, segodnya, zavtra [Ethnology management in Central Asia: yesterday, today and tomorrow]. Available at: http://www.igpi.ru/ bibl/other_articl/1119947605.html/
12. Kislyakov N.A. Kalym i pridanoe u tadzhikov [Dowry and dowry Tajiks]. Rodovoe obshchestvo. Etnograficheskie issledovaniya i materialy [Tribal society. Ethnographic studies and materials]. Moscow, AN SSSR Publ., 1951, pp. 180-223.
13. Kislyakov N.A. Alovkhona - «dom ognya» u tadzhikov [Alovhona - "House of Fire" Tajiks]. Osnovnye problemy afrikanistiki: K 70-letiyu chlena-korrespondenta AN SSSR D. A. Ol´derogge [African studies main problems: the 70th - anniversary of the corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR DA Olderogge]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1973, pp. 88-94.
14. Olimova S. Politicheskiy islam i konflikt v Tadzhikistane [Political Islam and the conflict in Tajikistan]. Tsentral´naya Aziya i Kavkaz [Central Asia and Caucasus]. 1999, I. 4. Available at: http://www.ca-c.org/journal/cac-05-1999/st_23_olimova. shtml
15. Olkott M.B. Tadzhikistan. Trudnyy put´ razvitiya [Tajikistan. The difficult path of development]. Moscow, «Vremya» Publ., 2014. 464 p.
16. Rakhimov R.R. «Muzhskie doma» v traditsionnoy kul´ture tadzhikov ["Men at home" in the traditional culture of the Tajiks]. «Nauka» Publ., 1990. 158 p.
17. Snesarev G.P. Traditsiya muzhskikh soyuzov v ee pozdneyshem variante u narodov Sredney Azii [The tradition of male unions in its later version of the peoples of Central Asia]. Materialy Khorezmskoy ekspeditsii [Proceedings of the Khorezm expedition]. Moscow, «AN SSSR» Publ., 1963, I. 7, pp. 155-205.
18. Tadzhiki (avlod) v Uzbekistane [Tajiks (avlod) in Uzbekistan]. Available at: http://www.comunicom.ru/home/336-tajikin-samarkand. html
19. Khalid A. Islam posle kommunizma: Religiya i politika v Tsentral´noy Azii [Islam after Communism: Religion and Politics in Central Asia]. Moscow, «Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie» Publ., 2010. 304 p.
20. Sharafieva O.Kh. Gornyy Badakhshan posle raspada SSSR [Badakhshan after the Soviet collapse]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta [Bulletin of the Tomsk State University]. 2009, I. 323, pp. 194-196.
21. Shorokhov V.A. Etno-lokal´nye gruppy Tadzhikistana v postsovetskiy period: osobennosti vzaimnogo vospriyatiya i samoidentifikatsii [Ethno-local groups in the post-Soviet period Tajikistan: Features of mutual perception and identity]. Peterburgskie issledovaniya [St. Petersburg research]. 2011, V. 3, pp. 326-338.
