Objective of research: to provide the analysis of literature sources describing the influence of host genes on genetic susceptibility to helminthiasis and the features of its pathogenesis. Results and discussion: all recent scientific works dedicated to the influence of host genes on genetic susceptibility to helminthiasis and the features of its pathogenesis were considered. The most important determinants of impact of host genes on genetic susceptibility to helminthiasis are gene polymorphisms TAP for echinococcosis, variants of genetic loci SM1 and SM2 for bilharziasis (schistosomiasis), and gene polymorphisms HLA for all three parasitic diseases described in this article.
genetics, susceptibility, helminthiasis, schistosomiasis, echinococcosis, anisakiasis, polymorphism, immune response.
По данным ВОЗ, из 50 млн человек, ежегодно умирающих в мире, более чем у 16 млн причиной смерти являются инфекционные и паразитарные болезни [1]. Начиная с 1992 г., заболеваемость и смертность, связанные с паразитарными болезнями, в странах Африки, Азии, Америки, Австралии увеличились в 4 и более раз в сравнении со странами северной Европы (Швецией, Норвегией, Финляндией), при этом примерно 15% заболевших — дети до 14 лет [1].
Среди гельминтозов, распространенных в России и в прилегающих к ней странах Востока и Юго-Востока, наибольшее опасение вызывают трихинеллез, тениоз, описторхоз, аскаридоз, трихоцефалез, шистосомозы. В соответствии с докладом ВОЗ «Globalestimatesforhealthsituationassessmentandprojection» [2], число зараженных шистосомозом лиц в 1990 г. составило 200 млн, число умирающих за 1 год — 200 тыс., число пораженных стран — 76, а число лиц, подверженных риску этого заболевания, — 500–600 млн.
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