Bauman Moscow State Technical University (professor)
Moscow, Russian Federation
Russian Federation
The article examines the synergy between philosophy and science from the perspective of addressing the fundamental question of philosophy: the relationship between being and consciousness. Alternative approaches to addressing the fundamental question of philosophy (materialism, idealism, dualism) and the concepts of scientific knowledge they develop (reflection theory, empiricism, rationalism, apriorism, constructivism) are analyzed. The article also examines the correspondence of these concepts to the actual development of science, as well as theories of the relationship between philosophy and science—from their identity, differences, and incompatibility to their synergy and dialectical unity: the metaphysical concept of philosophy as the most general science, positivism, postpositivism, and the dialectical relationship between philosophy and specific sciences. The article also demonstrates the patterns of development of science and scientific knowledge, as well as the alternation of evolutionary and revolutionary periods in their development under the influence of both intrascientific and sociocultural factors. The methodological basis for the relationship between philosophy and the concrete sciences is the constructivist theory of scientific knowledge, according to which both philosophical and concrete scientific knowledge are the results of the constructive activity of consciousness at its various levels. It is concluded that further deepening the integration of philosophy and the concrete sciences is necessary for a more profound understanding of reality and the role of humans in the process of cognition.
philosophy, science, relationship between philosophy and science, epistemology
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