Main modern methods of etiological diagnosis of respiratory diseases in children according to national and foreign literature were studied. Relevant pathogens of pneumonia in children were presented. Diagnostic value and prospect of molecular diagnostic methods, i.e. PCR and PCR-real-time were demonstrated. The estimation of the possibility of their use in clinical bacteriological laboratory was done. It was shown that the use of "gold standard", i.e. sputum (bronchoalveolar lavage) bacteriological studies by the standard method remains relevant and accessible and serves as a source of important information about local drug resistance of the main causative agent of pneumonia – Streptococcus pneumoniae.
community-acquired pneumonia, etiology, methods of diagnosis, children
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