THE FORMATION OF JUDICIAL SUPERVISION IN THE USSR IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY

Timofey Krasil&#039;nikov

doi:doi:10.12737/2500-333X-2026-11-2-9-22

THE FORMATION OF JUDICIAL SUPERVISION IN THE USSR IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY

Submit manuscript Download PDF
Text

To cite

Citations:

THE FORMATION OF JUDICIAL SUPERVISION IN THE USSR IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY

Journal: JOURNAL OF LEGAL STUDIES Volume 11 № 2 , 2026

Rubrics: THEORY AND HISTORY OF LAW AND STATE. HISTORY OF THE DOCTRINES OF LAW AND STATE

UDC 342.565 UDC 34

Timofey Krasil'nikov ¹

Author and publication information

Authors:

1. Russian International Academy for Tourism (the Department of Civil Law Disciplines, Associate Professor)
employee from 01.01.2024 until now

Moscow, Moscow, Russian Federation

Type:

Article

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12737/2500-333X-2026-11-2-9-22

Pages:

from 9 to 22

Status:

Published

Received:

31.03.2026

Accepted:

14.05.2026

Published:

18.06.2026

Subject area:

UDC 342.565
UDC 34

Language:

Russian

Keywords:

Soviet justice; judicial supervision; party control; review of court cases

Abstract and keywords

Abstract:
The article examines the process of establishing supervisory courts in the Soviet Union in the first half of the 20th century. Based on the analysis of archival documents, the article reveals the gradual transformation of the Supreme Court of the USSR into the highest court for judicial supervision. The study establishes that judicial supervision in the Soviet Union consisted not only of reviewing court decisions that had entered into force, but also of summarizing judicial practice and providing guidance to lower courts. Special attention is given to the procedural and practical aspects of judicial supervision. The article notes that the judicial system, especially the activities of the Supreme Court of the USSR, was controlled by the Communist Party. This control was implemented through the approval of the composition of the highest judicial authority, the approval of directives for the courts, and the regular reporting of the courts to the party authorities.

Keywords:
Soviet justice; judicial supervision; party control; review of court cases

Text

Text (PDF): Read Download

References

1. Gosudarstvennyy arhiv RF (GARF). F. R-9474. Op. 10. D. 6.

2. GARF. F. R-9474. Op. 10. D. 13.

3. GARF. F. R-9474. Op. 10. D. 29.

4. GARF. F. R-9474. Op. 10. D. 33.

5. GARF. F. R-9474. Op. 10. D. 42.

6. GARF. F. R-9474. Op. 10. D. 46.

7. GARF. F. R-9474. Op. 10. D. 47.

8. GARF. F. R-9474. Op. 10. D. 48.

9. GARF. F. R-9474. Op. 10. D. 78.

10. GARF. F. R-9474. Op. 10. D. 79.

11. GARF. F. R-9474. Op. 16. D. 25.

12. GARF. F. R-9474. Op. 16. D. 42.

13. GARF. F. 10078. Op. 1. D. 10.

14. Dekret VCIK, SNK RSFSR ot 10.03.1921 «Polozhenie o vysshem sudebnom kontrole» // Sobranie uzakoneniy RSFSR. 1921. №15. st.97.

15. Dekret VCIK RSFSR ot 07.03.1918 №2 «O sude» // Sobranie uzakoneniy RSFSR. 1918. №26. st.420.

16. Zakon SSSR ot 12.02.1957 «Ob utverzhdenii Polozheniya o Verhovnom Sude SSSR i o vnesenii izmeneniy i dopolneniy v stat'i 104 i 105 Konstitucii (Osnovnogo Zakona) SSSR» // Vedomosti Verhovnogo Soveta SSSR. 1957. №4. st. 85.

17. Iz dokladnoy zapiski o proverke deyatel'nosti Verhovnogo Suda RSFSR Komissiey sovetskogo kontrolya // V kn.: Stalinskoe Politbyuro v 30-e gody. Sbornik dokumentov / Sostaviteli O.V. Hlevnyuk, A.V. Kvashopkin, L.P. Kosheleva, L.A. Rogovaya. Moskva: «AIRO – XX», 1995. S. 65-66.

18. Iz protokola Komissii po delam o vysshey mery social'noy zaschity ot 08.07.1932 // V kn.: Stalinskoe Politbyuro v 30-e gody. Sbornik dokumentov / Sostaviteli O.V. Hlevnyuk, A.V. Kvashopkin, L.P. Kosheleva, L.A. Rogovaya. Moskva: «AIRO – XX», 1995. S. 60-61.

19. Istoriya suda i pravosudiya v Rossii: v 9 t. / otv. red. V.V. Ershov, V.M. Syryh. Moskva: Norma, 2024. T. 4: Sudoustroystvo i sudoproizvodstvo v Rossii perioda sudebnyh reform (1864 – 1881 gody): monografiya / K.P. Krakovskiy; otv. red. V.M. Syryh. 672 s.

20. Operativnyy prikaz Narodnogo komissara vnutrennih del ot 03.07.1937 №00447 «Ob operacii po repressirovaniyu byvshih kulakov, ugolovnikov i dr. antisovetskih elementov» // V kn.: Materialy dela o proverke konstitucionnosti ukazov Prezidenta RF, kasayuschihsya deyatel'nosti KPSS i KP RSFSR, a takzhe o proverke konstitucionnosti KPSS i KP RSFSR. T. 6. Moskva: Spark, 1999. S.195 213.

21. Postanovlenie VCIK ot 11.11.1922 «O vvedenii v deystvie Polozheniya o sudoustroystve R.S.F.S.R.» // Sobranie uzakoneniy RSFSR. 1922. №69. st.902.

22. Postanovlenie Politbyuro CK VKP (b) ot 10.07.1934 o rabote sudov i prokuratury // V kn.: Stalinskoe Politbyuro v 30-e gody. Sbornik dokumentov / Sostaviteli O.V. Hlevnyuk, A.V. Kvashopkin, L.P. Kosheleva, L.A. Rogovaya. Moskva: «AIRO – XX», 1995. S. 64-65

23. Postanovlenie Prezidiuma CIK SSSR ot 23.11.1923 «Polozhenie o Verhovnom Sude Soyuza Sovetskih Socialisticheskih Respublik» // Vestnik CIK, SNK i STO SSSR. 1923. №10. st. 311.

24. Postanovlenie CIK SSSR i Sovnarkoma SSSR ot 07.04.1935 №3/598 «O merah bor'by s prestupnost'yu sredi nesovershennoletnih» // Izvestiya CIK Soyuza SSR i VCIK. 1935. 8 aprelya. №81.

25. Postanovlenie CIK SSSR, SNK SSSR ot 24.07.1929 «Polozhenie o Verhovnom Sude Soyuza SSR i prokurature Verhovnogo Suda Soyuza SSR» // «Sobranie zakonov SSSR». 1929. № 50. st. 445.

26. Postanovlenie CIK SSSR i Sovnarkoma SSSR ot 07.08.1932 «Ob ohrane imuschestva gosudarstvennyh predpriyatiy, kolhozov i kooperacii i ukreplenii obschestvennoy (socialisticheskoy) sobstvennosti» // «Sobranie zakonov SSSR». 1932. № 62. st. 360.

27. Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyy arhiv noveyshey istorii (RGANI). F. 3. OP. 57. D. 1.

28. RGANI. F.3. Op. 57. D. 8.

29. RGANI. F. 3. Op. 57. D. 12.

30. RGANI. F. 3. Op. 57. D. 14.

31. RGANI. F. 3. Op. 57. D. 34.

32. RGANI. F. 3. Op. 57. D. 35.

33. RGANI. F. 3. Op. 57. D. 36.

34. RGANI. F. 3. Op. 57. D. 38.

35. RGANI. F. 3. Op. 57. D. 39.

36. RGANI. F. 3. OP. 57. D. 42.

37. RGANI. F. 3. OP. 57. D. 43.

38. RGANI. F. 3. OP. 57. D. 45.

39. RGANI. F. 3. OP. 57. D. 46.

40. RGANI. F. 3. OP. 57. D. 47.

41. RGANI. F. 3. OP. 57. D. 49.

42. RGANI. F. 5. OP. 47. D. 89.

43. Rossiyskiy gosudarstvennyy arhiv social'no-politicheskoy istorii (RGASPI). F. 17. Op. 3. D. 1072.

44. RGASPI. F. 17. Op. 84. D. 384.

45. RGASPI. F. 17. Op. 127. D. 1521.

46. RGASPI. F. 17. Op. 162. D.3.

47. RGASPI. F. 17. Op. 162. D. 21.

48. RGASPI. F. 17. Op. 162. D. 40.

49. RGASPI. F. 82. Op. 2. D. 885.

50. RGASPI. F. 82. Op. 2. D. 891.

51. Smolencev E.A. Verhovnyy Sud Soyuza SSR i verhovnye sudy soyuznyh respublik // V kn.: Vysshiy sudebnyy organ SSSR / pod red. L.N. Smirnova i dr. Moskva: Yurid. lit. 1984. S.42-53.

52. Ukaz Prezidiuma Verhovnogo Soveta SSSR ot 01.09.1953 «Ob uprazdnenii Osobogo soveschaniya pri Ministre vnutrennih del SSSR» // V kn.: Kutafin O.E., Lebedev V.M., Semgin G.Yu. Sudebnaya vlast' v Rossii: istoriya, dokumenty. V 6 t. / Nauch. konsul'tant E.A. Skripilev. T.V. Sovetskoe gosudarstvo / Otv.red. R.S. Mulukaev, A.Ya. Malygin. Moskva: Mysl', 2003. S.535.

53. Ukaz Prezidiuma Verhovnogo Soveta SSSR ot 14.08.1954 «Ob obrazovanii prezidiumov v sostave Verhovnyh sudov soyuznyh i avtonomnyh respublik, kraevyh, oblastnyh sudov i sudov avtonomnyh oblastey» // Vedomosti Verhovnogo Soveta SSSR. 1954. №17.

54. Uchrezhdenie Sudebnyh Ustanovleniy. Tom shestnadcatyy – chast' I. Izdanie 1892 g. // v kn.: Svod Zakonov Rossiyskoy imperii. Chast' II (tom devyatyy – tom shestnadcatyy). Sankt Peterburg: izdanie tovarischestva «Obschestvennaya pol'za», 1904.

Submit manuscript Download PDF
Text JATS XML

To cite

Citations:

Confirmation

Регистрация