Russian Federation
In his article, the author poses and examines the always-urgent problem of the lawful and expedient separation of State powers. The author aims to describe the historical processes of the initial separation of spiritual and secular power, and then purposefully presents a brief history of various political and legal doctrines on the separation of powers. Using the method of comparative legal analysis of various models of separation of powers, the author examines the essence, structure, content and forms of implementation of the very doctrine of separation of powers in the context of the system of jurisprudence and the unified theory of law. The author achieves his goal by identifying the spiritual, moral, and state-legal origins of the original theory and the classical doctrine of the separation of a single but reasonably branched government operating in different directions and levels of public life. The author also examines classical and updated models and approaches ("canonical and secular", "negative", "positive", "constructive" and "mixed") for resolving the lawful and expedient separation and distribution (diffusion) of legislative, executive and judicial branches of a single government in different modern countries and legal systems. In conclusion, the author comes to the conclusion that the best example of a lawful and expedient, flexible and successful solution to this complex and fundamental state-legal problem of reasonable separation and distribution of different branches of a single government, is the example of a large jazz orchestra, in which the free and virtuoso playing of each professional musician of his score eventually merges into a single harmonic melody of an entire orchestra.
history of the branching of state power, constitutional separation and distribution of power, goals and principles of operation of "checks and balances", mutual responsibility of legislative, executive and judicial authorities
1. Adams Dzh. Istoriya politicheskih i pravovyh ucheniy. M. 1996. [13, C. 378, 386].
2. Berman G. Dzh. Zapadnaya tradiciya prava: epoha formirovaniya. MGU, Norma, 1998.[6, 7. S. 250, 258].
3. Bibliya. Vethiy Zavet. Kniga Proroka Isayi, 33:22. [4]. Novyy Zavet. 1 Korinfyanam, 12:18-26. [1]. Matfey, 22:36. [3]. Ioann, 4:37. [2].
4. Gobbs T. Sochineniya. V dvuh tomah. M., 1991. T.2. [11, S. 254].
5. Dyugi L. Konstitucionnoe pravo. M., 1909. [10, S. 30-31].
6. Kant I. Sochineniya. V shesti tomah. M., 1963-1966. T. 4(2). [14, S. 240].
7. Konstitucii zarubezhnyh stran. M., 2003. [13, C. 45].
8. Latinskie izrecheniya. M., 1996. [12, S. 343, 355].
9. Lokk Dzh. Sochineniya. V treh tomah. M., 1985-1988. T.3. [9, S. 66].
10. Montesk'e Sh. Izbrannye proizvedeniya. M., 1955. [12, S. 291, 300].
11. Osipyan B.A. Istoricheskiy opyt stanovleniya i deystviya Konstitucii SShA //Grazhdanin i pravo. 2021. № 11. [13, S. 81-91]. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/SLKPNX
12. Osipyan B.A. Politiko-pravovye i ideologicheskie koncepcii kak osnovanie formirovaniya gosudarstvenno-konstitucionnoy sistemy obschestva //Gosudarstvo i pravo. 2009. № 7. [7, S. 61-71]. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/OETCFP
13. Osipyan B.A. Pravomernoe raspredelenie edinoy gosudarstvennoy vlasti //Social'nopoliticheskie nauki. 2014. № 1. [15, S. 25-29].
14. Osipyan B.A. Funkcional'nyy harakter principa razdeleniya gosudarstvennoy vlasti.//Agrarnoe i zemel'noe pravo. 2008. №12. [14, S. 116-121]. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/KVOZJF
15. Osipyan B.A. Hristianskie osnovaniya amerikanskoy gosudarstvenno-pravovoy teorii i istorii //Grazhdanin i pravo. 2022. № 2. [16, S. 81-90]. EDN: https://elibrary.ru/CHPKRQ
16. Hesse K. Osnovy konstitucionnogo prava FRG. M., 1981. [15, S. 7].
