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The article, based on archival documents, examines the principles of the activities of volost courts in the Russian Empire. It clarifies the composition of the judges of volost courts, the procedure for legal proceedings, including the examination of evidence during the sessions of volost courts. The study reveals the role of volost courts in shaping peasant legal consciousness. The article also notes that, despite criticism and calls from the liberal public to abolish peasant justice, volost courts enjoyed a well-deserved reputation and trust among the Russian peasantry, who preferred to protect their interests in volost courts rather than in state courts. The article also notes how the principles of peasant justice affected the activities of people's courts in the early years of Soviet power.
peasant justice, volost court, judicial justice, popular legal consciousness
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