In the overview of author´s own works and of the literature discussed the accumulated facts of the adaptive significance of insulin resistance. Application of system analysis methods has allowed developing the hypothesis of limiting excessive action of insulin in the form of a functional system that logically explains the increase of tissue insulin resistance from a position of adaptation. System-forming factor is the capacitive parameters of the cytoplasm of the cell. The effect of hyperinsulinemia on cells with high sensitivity to insulin makes the action of the hormone excess resulting in an increase in income of water and food inside cells. The sensitivity of the cells determined the type of tissue; its functional activity; its share in the total integrated activity of the organism; the functional capacity reserve and the degree deficit of energy and plastic substrates. Excess insulin leads to swelling and damage to the cells of vital tissues. The status of homeostasis to starts mechanisms for limit excessive action of insulin, decreasing insulin sensitivity in a variety of ways. These include insulin resistance of tissue, decreased sensitivity to stimulants and inhibition of hormone secretion. At receptor level, there are immunological, genetic, biochemical mechanisms, and internalization. Decreased tissue sensitivity may occur after saturation of the needs of cells for energy and substrates for the synthesis. Insulin resistance no may affect all body cells. In article provides a critique of methods for diagnosis of insulin resistance. Facts about the prevalence of insulin resistance in various pathologies indicate adaptive significance of insulin resistance not only to the pathology of carbohydrate metabolism, but also metabolism in the body as a whole.
diabetes mellitus type 2, insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance, adaptation.
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